Moral Aspects of “Moral Injury”: Analyzing Conceptualizations on the Role of Morality in Military Trauma

In clinical circles, the concept of “moral injury” has rapidly gained traction. Yet, from a moral philosophical point of view the concept is less clear than is suggested. That is, in current conceptualizations of moral injury, trauma’s moral dimension seems to be understood in a rather mechanistic and individualized manner. This article makes a start in developing an adequately founded conceptualization of the role of morality in deployment-related distress. It does so by reviewing and synthesizing insights from different disciplines into morality and trauma. This discussion will lead to three positions: (1) values and norms are by definition characterized by conflict, (2) moral conflict may entail important social dimensions, and (3) moral conflict may lead to altered beliefs about previously held values. These insights provide important steps in further developing conceptions of the role of morality in deployment-related suffering.     

The Hungarian experience with Gripen fighter aircraft

The post-communist countries transition from the Warsaw Pact style of platforms and systems to Western-compatible capabilities has never been an easy task or a process without conflicts. This was no different for the Visegrád countries either, in which case the Hungarian Gripen procurement stands out. After much debate, Budapest decided to modernize its fighter fleet with the not battle tested Swedish-made Gripen fighter aircraft. This decision received several critiques due to the lack of transparency in the selection process and the initial lack of NATO-required systems. Subsequently, the fleet has had to operate in a financially demanding environment. Moreover, the air force has lost two aircrafts in accidents. Now that the jets are in the middle of their envisaged life cycle, it is more than appropriate to answer the question if the Gripens can utilize their full combat potential or will they fail the test of time?     

The crisis of American military assistance: strategic dithering and Fabergé Egg armies

ABSTRACT

The United States has provided substantial amounts of military assistance and aid since the end of World War Two. During the Cold War, it proved vital in protecting numerous regimes from communist takeovers. Successful outcomes occurred when American leaders made large initial aid commitments, and the states had the capacity and political willpower to use it effectively. However, Vietnam was an example of how U.S. support lagged, as leaders in Saigon preferred political survival instead of creating regime legitimacy. Following 9/11, American security aid focused on making weak countries develop stronger security forces. Unfortunately, this created Fabergé egg militaries: expensive and easily broken by insurgents. This article suggests long-term strategic commitments need to be made alongside more resources for the American State Department and similar organizations to focus on the politics of state-building. Finally, this article suggests strategies, such as “whole-of-government” approaches, to improve long-term security and political institution building.     

韩国反导政策:调整、原因及影响

韩国自20世纪90年代起开始考虑反导系统的构建以来,其反导政策经历了"明确反对加入美国反导体系,自主构建韩国型导弹防御系统"到"强化韩美、韩美日反导合作,谋求实质上融入美国反导体系"的显著调整与变化。韩国反导政策的演变与朝鲜核、导威胁的与日俱增、韩国自身反导能力的不足及美国的极力推动等因素密不可分。当前,韩国开始部署"萨德"末段高空区域反导系统,韩美反导合作日益深入,并向韩美日三边合作拓展,且取得了实质性的进展。韩国强化与美、日的反导联合,在军事、外交、安全方面引发了广泛影响。     

军用油库油罐火灾消防虚拟现实仿真模型研究

军用油库火灾消防模拟训练系统可用于提高部队官兵的消防水平和指挥决策能力,真实感火灾及消防过程的仿真是模拟训练中重要的组成部分。为克服火灾模拟器对硬件系统要求高、可交互性低的缺点,提出并研究了油罐火灾工程模型和火灾消防工程模型。该模型建立了火焰形状、消防力量布置等与三维场景密切相关的数学模型;模型简单可靠,便于在消防三维场景中快速实现。最后通过实例在虚拟场景中进行了模型的仿真。     

军用履带车辆电传动匹配计算

为给军用履带车辆电传动部件选型提供理论依据,对某车型的双侧电机传动方案中驱动用永磁同步电动机及主要部件的性能参数进行了匹配计算,并根据车辆对驱动系统大转矩和宽调速范围的要求,提出了驱动电机必须具备的过载能力和弱磁能力,最后利用仿真手段验证了计算方法的有效性。     

基于成品油有限竞争市场的军油筹措战略研究

对国家成品油市场进行分析,认为目前国内成品油市场是典型的双寡头垄断有限竞争市场。通过对成品油市场主体厂商行为博弈的讨论,得出产量博弈的状况近期不会出现,价格博弈将使企业走入囚徒困境的结论。根据分析针对性地提出军油筹措战略,为相关决策提供参考。     

部队装备管理军用标准体系构想

分析了部队装备管理军用标准体系研究3方面的需求,提出了部队装备管理军用标准体系研究的任务和5个基本原则,对部队装备管理军用标准体系总体结构和基础标准、程序标准、技术标准、评价标准等进行了初步构想。     

基于GO法的军事供应链可靠性分析

军事供应链管理要获得高效率和效益,最基础的必须是有高可靠性作保证。结合GO法——一种系统可靠性分析方法和军事供应链自身的特点,阐明了将GO法应用于军事供应链可靠性分析中的可行性。通过构建军事供应链结构模型,运用GO法原理,分析出军事供应链系统中的信号流和操作符,将军事供应链系统结构图转化为GO图,通过GO运算,求出各信号流的等效故障率,进而求出军事供应链中各节点的等效可靠度,对供应链网络结构模型的可靠性问题进行定量分析,并通过实例对该方法的应用进行了具体说明。结果表明：GO法不仅能够计算出整个军事供应链的可靠性,还可以清楚地得到各环节的可靠性,从而可以追溯出影响军事供应链系统整体可靠性的瓶颈,为制定相关的可靠性管理措施提供科学依据。     

谈部队出租房的消防安全问题与治理对策

分析了目前部队出租房消防管理存在的问题,提出了要把部队出租房纳入审批范畴,加强源头控制;明确工作职责,建立协作监管机制;提高思想认识,重视消防安全管理;落实各级责任,部门齐抓共管;健全监管机制,加强督促检查;加强宣传教育,把握舆论导向;坚持依法管理,提升服务水平。