浅谈军校学员的心理素质教育

军校学员心理健康状况不容乐观,把心理素质教育纳入军校德育等领域已形成一定的共识.应注意结合学员身心实际及职业要求,重视探讨和研究心理素质教育的内容、途径和方法等.     

基于卷积神经网络的卫星网络协调态势评估方法

为充分发掘利用海量卫星网络数据,提高决策效率,加强空间频轨资源获取与储备的分析手段,尤其是对地球静止轨道资源的协调获取问题,提出基于机器学习算法的卫星网络态势评估策略。通过对卫星网络协调因素进行特征分析,选择卷积神经网络(Convolution Neural Network, CNN)为目标算法模型,并建立算法模型的训练数据集及Label规则,采用分裂信息增益度量方法对数据进行降维处理,建立CNN评估模型,并进行了验证分析。结果表明,CNN模型对卫星网络协调态势评估问题测试的正确率高达80%以上,具有较高的评估效能。随着数据量的增多,CNN评估效果逐步提升,是一种在卫星网络协调态势分析、资源储备的有效评估方法。     

通道失配对GNSS阵列抗干扰性能的影响分析

卫星导航接收机极易受到电磁干扰的影响,基于阵列接收机的空时(频)抗干扰技术被证明是目前最有效的抗干扰手段。在工程实现时,阵列通道存在通道失配,本文以统计性能的评估方法评估了通道失配对阵列抗干扰性能的影响。研究结果表明,通道间群时延偏差和幅度失配是导致阵列抗干扰性能下降的主要因素,前者可通过增加空时滤波器阶数来消除影响,而后者对空时滤波器阶数不敏感,需要进行必要的校正。     

从装备思维与军事实践互动关系看装备科研工作内涵、地位与作用

装备思维是人类智慧的结晶和科技文明产物,它反映一定时期人们对于装备设计的理念,也反映了该时期主流军事战略的思维方式。本文对军事装备涉及的论证、研制、试验、鉴定和使用等环节进行梳理,从装备思维与实践互动关系探讨装备科研工作的内涵、地位和作用。     

Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

Tripwires and free-riders: Do forward-deployed U.S. troops reduce the willingness of host-country citizens to fight for their country?

This article investigates the relationship between U.S. overseas troops and the willingness of the citizens of host states to fight for their country. The study joins the long-running debate about burden-sharing and free-riding among U.S. allies. Unlike most previous empirical studies, we focus on non-material or intangible measures of the underlying concepts. Our dependent variable estimates the proportion of citizens expressing a willingness to fight for their country. Scores at the aggregate-national as well as the individual level are shaped by the presence of U.S. military forces, which act as a “tripwire” signaling credible security commitments. This increases opportunities of (non-material) free-riding. We present both bivariate and multivariate analyses covering the period 1981–2014 to test this supposition. Findings indicate that once U.S. troop levels reach a certain threshold (between 100 and 500 troops), citizens’ willingness to fight drops significantly. This likely reflects non-material free-riding.     

Mirror,mirror on the wall,who is the most offensive of them all? – Explaining the offensive bias in military tactical thinking

This article explores why the offensive predominates military tactical thinking. With survey results showing an offensive bias among 60 per cent of senior Swedish officers and as many as 80 per cent in the case of the army, it is clear that this is not just a problem of the past but is equally relevant today. The article asks why there is a tendency to perceive and understand offensive tactics as the preferred choice and the way to conduct battle that should be encouraged and preferred. Drawing on existing research and the findings of a pilot study, ten propositions for why the offensive bias exists are tested using a mixed-method approach. Based on the findings, the article develops a model to understand why the offensive dominates military tactical thinking. It is found that the two key constitutive factors behind the offensive bias are military culture and education. These factors most directly and profoundly influence an officer’s identity, perceptions, and thinking. Military culture and education, in turn, work as a prism for four other factors: military history, the theory and principles of war, doctrine and TTPs, and psychological factors.     

Moving the techno-science gap in Security Force Assistance

This paper looks at the impact of military technology diffusion on military assistance operations (MAO), in the United States known as Security Force Assistance or SFA. The discussion looks conceptually at the role of technological change and how it interacts with martial cultures in military assistant operations. I argue that growing trends in science and technology suggest potential conflicts between culture and technology. Relying on a culture-technology model drawn from anthropology, the paper contends that new technologies will present increasing challenges for the emerging MAO landscape. The paper will illustrate that the techno-science gap will continue to grow as innovations such as robotics, sensors, and networks continue to develop. Finally, the paper will look at ways to overcome this conflict between culture and technology.     

重塑军队作战力量体系的几点思考

作战力量体系是一个国家军事力量体系的核心组成部分。近些年通过深化国防和军队改革,我军军事力量体系宏观上发生了脱胎换骨的变化,接下来到了对作战力量体系进行重塑的攻坚阶段,本文结合当前作战力量体系发展的一些特点和建设存在的短板,提出了重塑我军作战力量体系的决策建议。      

Path optimization for the resource‐constrained searcher

We formulate and solve a discrete‐time path‐optimization problem where a single searcher, operating in a discretized three‐dimensional airspace, looks for a moving target in a finite set of cells. The searcher is constrained by maximum limits on the consumption of one or more resources such as time, fuel, and risk along any path. We develop a specialized branch‐and‐bound algorithm for this problem that uses several network reduction procedures as well as a new bounding technique based on Lagrangian relaxation and network expansion. The resulting algorithm outperforms a state‐of‐the‐art algorithm for solving time‐constrained problems and also is the first algorithm to solve multi‐constrained problems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010