In pursuit of accountability during and after war

ABSTRACT

This article aims to identify and elaborate the causes and ramifications of applying transitional justice, in particular accountability measures, to situations of war. It focuses on the correlations between peace and justice – and hence an important perspective on the question ‘how do wars end’. The article seeks to understand some of the main challenges associated with pursuing accountability for crimes committed in contemporary forms of conflict, including civil wars and abuses committed by major powers in armed conflict.     

The importance of predecessor centers of sovereignty and processes of state formation in explaining secession

A range of theories have sought to explain and predict secession with varying degrees of success. Arguing that a disproportionate focus upon the seceding group as the unit of analysis has frustrated the development of a comprehensive theoretical framework that is universally valid, this article highlights the role of predecessor institutions of governance and the failure of states to successfully incorporate these as an important, but neglected, causal factor in the study of secession. The inclusion of pre-state institutions of governance and processes of state formation not only results in a more complete, and therefore accurate, explanatory account of secession, but also explains why some regions have been more prone to secession than others.     

Failure profiles of coherent systems

In this paper we first introduce and study the notion of failure profiles which is based on the concepts of paths and cuts in system reliability. The relationship of failure profiles to two notions of component importance is highlighted, and an expression for the density function of the lifetime of a coherent system, with independent and not necessarily identical component lifetimes, is derived. We then demonstrate the way that failure profiles can be used to establish likelihood ratio orderings of lifetimes of two systems. Finally we use failure profiles to obtain bounds, in the likelihood ratio sense, on the lifetimes of coherent systems with independent and not necessarily identical component lifetimes. The bounds are relatively easy to compute and use. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

网络系统可靠性近似估算方法的对比研究

在讨论了网络系统可靠性计算难题的基础上,以满足工程实际的精度需要并减少分析计算工作量为目标,对现有的4种近似估算网络系统可靠性的方法进行了分析,指出了各种方法产生误差的原因,定性分析了有关方法为减少误差所采取措施的合理性。针对2种不同复杂程度的典型网络系统,通过数值算例,给出了单元可靠度不同情形下的系统可靠度计算值;与精确算法对比之后,得到了量化的误差.基于对各方法的工作量和误差的综合分析,给出了具有工程指导意义的建议.     

关于部分K值逻辑中正则可离函数集的极大封闭集之最小覆盖判定的一些结果

根据部分多值逻辑完备性理论,证明了当m=2时,若正则可离关系G2=G2({1,2})∪G2之关系图仅是一个回路,则T(G2)不是P k的最小覆盖成员.     

基于分治的属性约简相对核计算

针对信息表中相对核的计算采用分治策略提出了一个新的属性约简方法,将在计算整个全域上的属性约简问题转化为计算在相应划分的子区域上属性约简问题.将原有计算POSX0(Y)的算法复杂度O(|A||U|2),降为O(|A|(|Y1|2+|Y2|2+…+|Yn|2)),对于一般比较大的|U|说,效率提高非常明显,提高了属性约简的可计算性.     

保形压缩映射产生的一类递归集的分形性质

研究了由保形压缩映射产生的一类递归集的分形性质,得到了该类集合的Hausdorff维数．     

L—R型模糊数及其在装备贮存可靠性研究中的应用

由于数据不足,在全寿命周期的初始阶段使用传统的可靠性分析技术,难以对装备的贮存可靠性进行研究。在模糊集理论的基础上,应用L-R型模糊数的模糊故障树分析技术,探讨了装备贮存可靠性的研究问题。     

低错误平层数列分割移位LDPC码构造算法研究

为降低LDPC码错误平层,提出一种基于环分类搜索的数列分割移位LDPC码构造算法。该算法具有码长、码率和列重的任意可设性,同时该类码的Tanner图围长至少为8。循环移位因子可以通过简单的代数表达式描述,从而降低内存需求。仿真结果表明,当误码率达到10-5时,数列分割移位LDPC(496,248)码相对于PEG-LDPC码获得了约1.9dB的性能提升;且随着信噪比的升高,两条译码性能曲线之间的差距将更为增大。此外,列重为3的数列分割移位LDPC码(6144,5376)在信噪比4.6dB以后并未出现明显的错误平层。该构造算法与PS-LDPC码相比在误码率达到10-8时大约获得0.25dB增益,特别在错误平层区域其译码性能优于围长为4和6的PEG构造算法,其构造复杂度和耗时也相较于PS-LDPC码和PEG-LDPC码构造算法展现出一定优势。通过基于Tanner图的诱捕集分析方法,统计(496,248)APPS-LDPC码中由8环组成的部分小型诱捕集并不存在,从而证明了其错误平层降低的原因。     

无人机感知避让技术分析

无人机的安全性能特别是防相撞能力是影响无人机发展的一个重要因素,无人机感知避让技术是防止无人机发生相撞事故的重要保证。为了解和发展无人机感知避让技术,从无人机空中态势感知、飞行冲突预测和飞行冲突解脱3个方面对当前感知避让技术的研究现状进行了总结介绍,探讨了无人机防相撞工作的发展趋势。