Proportional use of force in asymmetric military operation

This paper studies a strategic conflict between a state and a non-state military organization. The non-state military organization decides whether to attack or not to attack the state, while the state decides on its counter-measure. If the state uses a high level of violence against the non-state organization, it may be accused by the international community of ‘non-proportional’ use of force, and both sides of the conflict take this possibility into account. The model predicts that it may be rational for the non-state organization to attack the state, even if as a reaction the state will militarily destroy this organization, due to a positive probability the state will be punished by the international community for non-proportional use of violence.     

A critique of Paul Collier's ‘greed and grievance’ thesis of civil war

Paul Collier has produced a well-written and apparently plausible thesis on ‘greed and grievance’, evidenced in several published texts, which concludes unambiguously that greed, not grievance, is overwhelmingly the cause of conflict. However, Collier has based these findings upon narrowly defined quantitative measures–three defined indices of greed and four indices of grievance. Collier consciously omitted indices which he found difficult to measure, such as suppliers of armaments and opportunities for bureaucratic corruption. However, he appears to have unwittingly omitted some further factors, including governance, management mechanisms for natural resources and the influence that charismatic leadership can have on rebel groups. These omissions can be viewed as a major flaw in Collier's work. They also explain why Collier has diagnosed that civil wars are more likely to occur in some countries in the developing world without offering adequate explanation of why this may be so.     

基于TRIZ的陆军装备保障转型活动生成研究

TRIZ是一种通过解决冲突来解决发明问题的理论,具有系统性、科学性和创新性相统一的特点．通过建立陆军装备保障目标能力参数体系,分析目标能力提升中存在的冲突情况并加以解决,建立了基于TRIZ的陆军装备保障转型活动生成方法,以期有效解决装备保障转型活动生成的关键难题．     

Maintaining peace in a neighbourhood torn by separatism: the case of Satun province in southern Thailand

While separatist-related conflict has re-emerged in southern Thailand, there is one predominantly Muslim border province that has remained outside of the conflict. Satun province has been conspicuously unaffected by the Malay-Muslim separatist movement, despite its shared history and ethnic origins with the conflict-affected provinces. In contrast to Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat, the process of state penetration in Satun was gradual and comparatively less coercive, leading to relative stability and encouraging political and economic integration. This comparative study analyzes the history of cooperative state–minority relations and political stability in Satun province, and draws important lessons directly applicable to the unrest in neighbouring provinces.     

Security sector stabilisation in counterinsurgency operations: the case of Afghanistan

This article argues that the debate on security sector reform (SSR) needs to be taken further by taking into consideration the fact that, even though the SSR concept was not originally developed as an element in stabilising states undergoing an insurgency, it is very much being used for exactly that. When conducting counterinsurgency with a focus on the creation of stability, the baseline will ultimately have to be security sector stabilisation (SSS) as a precondition for complete SSR implementation. However, the two must be connected to avoid them undermining each other. This is important if a comprehensive approach to programme implementation and especially sustainability is to guide the programme, and not just isolated ‘train and equip’ stand-alone projects that do not solve either the initial need for stabilisation or the long-term need for accountable security forces. Currently, in Afghanistan the surge for security by the international military is in danger of overtaking the other elements of the SSR, thereby undermining the primary end state and thus risking laying the wrong foundation for the long-term process of SSR.     

基于结构加权的海面编队预定目标选择方法

海面目标运动和编队阵型的约束特性,使得通过对装订阵型和末制导探测阵型进行点集匹配来选择预定目标成为一种有效途径。但当编队目标释放干扰时,会引起阵型结构发生局部变化,导致目标选择性能恶化。本文基于反舰导弹目标选择需求,分析了传感器导航和探测误差、装订信息误差、编队目标运动和释放干扰等因素所引起的位置点集变形,通过利用阵型中未污染的结构信息,提出了基于几何散列法和结构加权平均Hausdorff距离的编队预定目标选择方法。理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法不受传感器导航误差和编队目标整体运动的影响,在编队存在冲淡干扰时能有效提高目标选择能力。     

证据推理方法中不完备信息影响因素分析

不确定条件下的不完备信息分析是多属性决策中的主要内容之一,Yang提出的证据推理方法可以较好地处理这类信息。研究了证据推理方法中不完备信息的影响因素,包括规则中的不完备信息,规则的权重以及规则的一致性,并以此为基础分析了评估结果中不完备信息的取值范围,得出了初步结论:评估结果中不完备信息的信度必然小于作为输入的规则中不完备信息中的较大者,但不一定大于其中的较小者。进一步分析了规则一致性的逻辑意义和几何意义,指出规则的一致性实际描述了规则之间的冲突程度。     

Explaining the impact of militancy on Iran–Pakistan relations

ABSTRACT

Sectarian militants have for years launched attacks from Pakistan across the border to Iran. Finding sanctuary in a neighbouring country can make the difference between success and failure for militants. Conventional wisdom holds that a lasting transnational militancy challenge would typically create serious interstate conflict. Militancy has triggered armed encounters between Iran and Pakistan. This article argues that despite some tension militancy has resulted in deeper cooperation in the ambivalent dyad. Both states’ overarching security concerns, having exhausted other options, the believed involvement of third-party states, and economic potential, have moderately alleviated negative pressure caused by militancy.     

基于CPU-GPU混合计算平台的RNA二级结构预测算法并行化研究

RNA二级结构预测是生物信息学领域重要的研究方向,基于最小自由能模型的Zuker算法是目前该领域最典型使用最广泛的算法之一。本文基于CPU GPU的混合计算平台实现了对Zuker算法的并行和加速。根据CPU和GPU计算性能的差异,通过合理的任务分配策略,实现二者之间的并行协作计算和处理单元间的负载平衡;针对CPU和GPU的不同硬件特性,对Zuker算法在CPU和GPU上的实现分别采取了不同的并行优化方法,提高了混合加速系统的计算性能。实验结果表明,CPU处理单元在混合系统中承担了14%以上的计算任务,与传统的多核CPU并行方案相比,采用混合并行加速方法可获得15.93的全局加速比;与最优的单纯GPU加速方案相比,可获得16%的性能提升,并且该混合计算方案可用于对其它生物信息学序列分析应用的并行和加速。     

基于Vague集的装备采购项目组织结构评价方法

在装备采购项目组织评价中引入Vague集理论,在列举现有项目组织结构类型的基础上,构建项目组织结构评价指标体系,建立各项目组织结构和理想组织结构的Vague集,计算各项目组织结构和理想组织结构的相似度量,完成对装备采购项目组织结构的评价,为装备采购项目组织设计奠定基础。