A multilevel passenger screening problem for aviation security

Passenger prescreening is a critical component of aviation security systems. This paper introduces the Multilevel Allocation Problem (MAP), which models the screening of passengers and baggage in a multilevel aviation security system. A passenger is screened by one of several classes, each of which corresponds to a set of procedures using security screening devices, where passengers are differentiated by their perceived risk levels. Each class is defined in terms of its fixed cost (the overhead costs), its marginal cost (the additional cost to screen a passenger), and its security level. The objective of MAP is to assign each passenger to a class such that the total security is maximized subject to passenger assignments and budget constraints. This paper shows that MAP is NP‐hard and introduces a Greedy heuristic that obtains approximate solutions to MAP that use no more than two classes. Examples are constructed using data extracted from the Official Airline Guide. Analysis of the examples suggests that fewer security classes for passenger screening may be more effective and that using passenger risk information can lead to more effective security screening strategies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

面向月球车路径规划的多约束环境建模方法

面向月球车路径规划,从建立合理、鲁棒的月面环境模型的需求出发,提出了一种新的多约束环境建模方法———MCWM方法,它综合考虑了月面地形的可通行性、系统的不确定性、人机协同性和运动的平稳性等四个因素,最后产生了一个能支持路径规划的综合代价地图———MCWM模型。仿真结果表明,MCWM方法合理、有效,可提高所规划路径的安全性和可执行性。     

舰船总体性能可靠性建模方法研究

分析了舰船总体性能可靠性问题的产生原因,将其分为2类.对于舰载设备本身存在可靠性问题而造成的,以航速可靠性为例,在舰船总体可靠性的背景下,借助相关数学工具进行了建模方法分析;对于外界随机因素影响而造成的,如横稳性的可靠性问题,则从分析外界随机因素与船体设计参数之间关系入手.初步建立了一套研究舰船总体性能可靠性问题的建模方法.实例计算表明,将所建模型用于分析舰船总体性能比常规方法具有明显的优越性.     

面向对象的仿真方法综述

面向对象仿真方法是当前仿真技术发展的一个重要方面。它是一种框架化、层次化和模块化的建模方法，有利于提高模型的封装性、灵活性、重用性、可扩展性和可维护性，在各个领域得到了广泛的应用。本文介绍基于ＯＯＤＢ的ＯＯＳ、基于ＤＥＶＳ的ＯＯＳ和基于Ａｃｔｏｒ的ＯＯＳ等三个主要流派的主要思想和建模仿真方法     

指挥信息系统领域建模研究

领域模型是指挥信息系统能够互操作和互理解的基础支撑。在指挥信息系统分析设计阶段,系统的领域模型建立得是否完整准确,直接决定了系统的体系能力设计是否完备,也直接决定了系统建设的成败。本文深入研究领域模型元概念、领域概念和应用概念的三层结构。在此基础上,构建包括网络通信层、信息服务层、共性应用支撑层、联合应用支撑层、应用系统层、安全保障系统和运维支撑系统的"五层两系统"指挥信息系统领域模型体系,为指挥信息系统分析设计提供方法和技术保障。     

曲率分析的变分辨率数字高程模型建模算法

传统的数字高程模型一般采用规则网格划分以简化建模过程,因其网格密度缺乏对地形变化的自适应性而不能兼顾地形表达的准确度和地形数据的冗余度,导致其在车辆动力学仿真等领域的应用有所局限。针对这一问题提出一种基于曲率分析的随机节点分布建模方法,其数据节点的密度根据种子节点周围的局域曲面曲率变化而相应变化,实现了在复杂、曲率较大的地形区域自动生成高分辨率数字节点集,而在平缓、曲率较小的区域实现低分辨率的节点分布。在获得此种节点集的基础上,利用Delaunay三角剖分结合三次多项式插值算法,得到满足高精度和低数据冗余度的变分辨率数字高程模型。利用传统规则网格地形模型与所提出的变分辨率数字高程模型对同一个用于星球车动力学仿真的复杂野外地形进行对比,验证了变分辨率算法的有效性。     

陆军战术电台仿真模型研究

随着仿真技术在陆军战术互联网仿真应用的逐步深入,对通信装备仿真模型的需求越来越高。分析了电台仿真模型的建模需求,介绍了电台通信时报文的收发流程,构建了电台仿真模型并对模型中各部分模块进行了描述。最后,通过VRNET Developer网络仿真平台对VHF电台仿真模型在干扰和移动条件下的通信进行了仿真,实验表明,构建的电台仿真模型能够达到战术通信的效果。     

三维视觉运动建模中碰撞检测算法研究

三维视觉建模是建立虚似现实 (VR)系统的基础 ,运动建模是三维视觉建模的重要组成部分。研究了运动建模中碰撞检测算法     

层次分析法在武器系统效能建模中的应用

在武器系统效能评估中 ,武器系统的战技指标 ,是评估武器系统效能的重要因素。本文利用层次分析法和矩阵摄动方法 ,对武器系统的战技指标进行分析 ,建立了武器系统效能能力指数模型 ,并把可靠性和维修性应用于效能计算之中。由此建立了武器系统效能模型并进行了评估     

Markovian models of three‐on‐one combat involving a hidden defender

In this paper, Markovian models of three‐on‐one stochastic firefights between ground‐based weapon systems are developed. These models address a common scenario of interest to the military, but one which has been much neglected in analytic combat models, that of combat between a hidden defender and an exposed attacking force. Each combatant must detect an opponent before commencing their firing cycle, a task which is considerably more difficult for the attacker. In the models developed here, the defender detects the exposed attacking group after an exponentially distributed time interval, while each attacker has a fixed probability of detecting the defender via the flash signature produced after each shot fired by him. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by investigating what impact the introduction of a coordinated gun‐laying system for the attacking force might have, a system made possible by battlefield digitization. The method used here allows models to be developed incrementally. This and other advantages of the Markovian approach are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 627–646, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10041