Dynamic order acceptance and capacity planning on a single bottleneck resource

We present a tactical decision model for order acceptance and capacity planning that maximizes the expected profits from accepted orders, allowing for aggregate regular as well as nonregular capacity. The stream of incoming order arrivals is the main source of uncertainty in dynamic order acceptance and the company only has forecasts of the main properties of the future incoming projects. Project proposals arrive sequentially with deterministic interarrival times and a decision on order acceptance and capacity planning needs to be made each time a proposal arrives and its project characteristics are revealed. We apply stochastic dynamic programming to determine a profit threshold for the accept/reject decision as well as to deterministically allocate a single bottleneck resource to the accepted projects, both with an eye on maximizing the expected revenues within the problem horizon. We derive a number of managerial insights based on an analysis of the influence of project and environmental characteristics on optimal project selection and aggregate capacity usage. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

蚁群算法在无人机航路规划中的应用

蚂蚁算法是一种新的源于大自然生物界的仿生随机优化方法。吸收了昆虫中蚂蚁的行为特征,通过其内在的搜索机制,在一系列组合优化问题求解中取得了成效。将蚁群算法应用于无人机(UAV)航路规划,提出了一种适用于航路规划的优化方法,可以为在敌方防御区域内执行攻击任务的无人机规划设计出高效的飞行航路,保证无人机以最小的被发现概率及可接受航程到达目标点,提高了无人机作战任务的成功率。仿真结果初步表明该方法是一种有效的航路规划方法。     

空间站零燃料大角度姿态机动路径存在性分析

零燃料大角度姿态机动技术是新近应用在国际空间站的新概念姿态控制技术。构造了以控制力矩陀螺为执行机构的空间站姿态控制动力学模型,在此基础上,建立了空间站本体与控制力矩陀螺之间的角动量守恒关系。针对各类大角度姿态机动任务,通过分析空间站惯量参数与控制力矩陀螺性能参数之间的解析关系,得到了零燃料大角度姿态机动路径的存在性条件。通过规划算例验证了存在性分析的正确性。所提出的零燃料大角度姿态机动存在性条件,为姿态机动路径的存在性判断提供了便捷可行的方法,为零燃料大角度姿态机动技术未来在我国空间站实施的可行性论证提供重要的理论依据。     

Modeling and solution for the ship stowage planning problem of coils in the steel industry

We consider a ship stowage planning problem where steel coils with known destination ports are to be loaded onto a ship. The coils are to be stowed on the ship in rows. Due to their heavy weight and cylindrical shape, coils can be stowed in at most two levels. Different from stowage problems in previous studies, in this problem there are no fixed positions on the ship for the coils due to their different sizes. At a destination port, if a coil to be unloaded is not at a top position, those blocking it need to be shuffled. In addition, the stability of ship has to be maintained after unloading at each destination port. The objective for the stowage planning problem is to minimize a combination of ship instability throughout the entire voyage, the shuffles needed for unloading at the destination ports, and the dispersion of coils to be unloaded at the same destination port. We formulate the problem as a novel mixed integer linear programming model. Several valid inequalities are derived to help reducing solution time. A tabu search (TS) algorithm is developed for the problem with the initial solution generated using a construction heuristic. To evaluate the proposed TS algorithm, numerical experiments are carried out on problem instances of three different scales by comparing it with a model‐based decomposition heuristic, the classic TS algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and the manual method used in practice. The results show that for small problems, the proposed algorithm can generate optimal solutions. For medium and large practical problems, the proposed algorithm outperforms other methods. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 564–581, 2015     

一种改进遗传算法在UCAV快速航迹规划中的应用

针对无人作战飞机(Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle,UCAV)航迹规划约束条件复杂、不确定因素多、实时性要求高的特点,提出了一种基于Voronoi图和改进遗传算法的快速航迹规划方法。该方法采取分层航迹规划的思想,首先根据Voronoi图生成初始航迹,并综合考虑约束条件,赋予各条航迹相应的权值;然后应用改进的遗传算法在生成的航迹空间中寻优,最终得到满意的航迹。该算法利用多处理机并行计算技术对传统遗传算法进行改进,大大缩短寻优时间。仿真结果表明基于Voronoi图和改进遗传算法的航迹规划提高了实时性,增强了UCAV的动态战场适应能力和突发威胁应对能力。     

基于进化算法的多无人机协同航路规划

以突防航路时域协同指数、空域协同指数、突防时长指数和受威胁指数为规划目标,以最小直线航路段长度、可飞空域、续航能力和进入任务航路方向为约束,构建了多无人机协同突防航路规划模型。结合模型特点,利用合作型协同进化遗传算法对该模型进行求解。     

敏捷成像卫星自主规划模型与算法

针对敏捷成像卫星自主规划问题,将规划、决策、执行和信息反馈相结合,提出星上自主规划框架,并介绍框架结构和模块功能。在分析主要约束条件的基础上,建立基于时间线约束网络的问题模型。通过将各种卫星动作前后衔接,组合成能够完成不同任务的动作序列,提出一种面向卫星动作序列的启发式算法。该算法分为规划和决策两个部分,并在卫星执行每一个动作序列的同时基于多种启发式规则进行规划,在动作序列执行结束时进行决策。实验结果表明了自主规划框架和模型的合理性以及算法的有效性。     

STK飞行任务仿真及其在空地链路分析中的应用

飞行仿真是飞行航路设计,飞行任务规划以及飞行训练等项目中非常重要的一项任务。介绍了在STK(Satellite Tool Kit)的三维显示环境下,利用STK提供的专业化模块STK/AMM(Aircraft Mission Modeler)进行航空器飞行任务仿真的方法,详细阐述了利用该模块进行飞行任务规划和飞行路径设计的过程。同时结合STK的数据分析功能完成航空器在飞行过程中与地面台站的通信链路的可用性分析。给出的仿真方法较以往的仿真方法简单,设计过程更加灵活,可以快速地实现飞行任务仿真设计和空地通信链路的可用性分析。     

潜艇水下回转运动稳定性分析

水下回转运动是潜艇常用的运动形式之一,属于潜艇转向运动的重要研究内容。回转运动过程中,潜艇受力复杂,容易出现分岔等非线性现象,潜艇运动稳定性变差。运用同伦延拓法、分岔理论和李雅普诺夫运动稳定性理论分析了潜艇水下回转运动稳定性,并通过数值仿真试验验证了分析结果的正确性和分析方法的有效性,为潜艇运动稳定性的研究提供了思路。     

超空泡航行体深度跟踪串级控制策略

针对空泡与航行体之间非线性滑行力导致的超空泡航行体稳定性问题,提出了基于圆判据理论和Nelder-Mead算法的超空泡航行体深度跟踪串级控制方法。介绍了超空泡航行体数学模型以及圆判据定理基础知识。结合模型特性推导了超空泡航行体串级误差状态方程,利用圆判据定理研究了内环绝对稳定性。通过Nelder-Mead算法对内环反馈参数进一步优化。仿真分析结果表明：所提控制方法便于反馈参数整定,可以充分利用超空泡航行体的控制量实现深度跟踪。