Optimizing usage and maintenance decisions for k‐out‐of‐n systems of moving assets

We consider an integrated usage and maintenance optimization problem for a k‐out‐of‐n system pertaining to a moving asset. The k‐out‐of‐n systems are commonly utilized in practice to increase availability, where n denotes the total number of parallel and identical units and k the number of units required to be active for a functional system. Moving assets such as aircraft, ships, and submarines are subject to different operating modes. Operating modes can dictate not only the number of system units that are needed to be active, but also where the moving asset physically is, and under which environmental conditions it operates. We use the intrinsic age concept to model the degradation process. The intrinsic age is analogous to an intrinsic clock which ticks on a different pace in different operating modes. In our problem setting, the number of active units, degradation rates of active and standby units, maintenance costs, and type of economic dependencies are functions of operating modes. In each operating mode, the decision maker should decide on the set of units to activate (usage decision) and the set of units to maintain (maintenance decision). Since the degradation rate differs for active and standby units, the units to be maintained depend on the units that have been activated, and vice versa. In order to minimize maintenance costs, usage and maintenance decisions should be jointly optimized. We formulate this problem as a Markov decision process and provide some structural properties of the optimal policy. Moreover, we assess the performance of usage policies that are commonly implemented for maritime systems. We show that the cost increase resulting from these policies is up to 27% for realistic settings. Our numerical experiments demonstrate the cases in which joint usage and maintenance optimization is more valuable. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 418–434, 2017     

球形头部弹丸侵彻运动靶板的数值模拟

为研究球形头部弹丸高速侵彻运动靶板的侵彻规律,运用LS-DYNA动力分析软件仿真研究了不同条件下球形头部弹丸对靶板的正侵彻效应,获得了运动靶板厚度、材料和弹丸着速3种参数对侵彻过程中弹丸弹道偏移、翻转角度和剩余速度的响应规律。结果表明,随着着速的提高,弹丸翻转幅度和弹道偏移量逐渐减小;随着靶板厚度的增加,弹丸正向翻转角度和轴向剩余速度显著减小,而弹道偏移量增大;3种材料运动靶板中,4340钢靶对弹丸弹道偏移、翻转角度和剩余速度的影响最大,Weldox460钢次之,LY12铝最小。     

一种支持高效并发访问的移动对象索引

针对移动对象当前及未来位置索引不能有效支持多用户并发访问的问题,提出了一种支持高效并发访问的移动对象索引CS2B-tree(Concurrent Space-filling curve enabled Cache Sensitive B+-tree)。该索引结合了Bx-tree和CSB+-tree的特点,因而能够支持对移动对象进行预测查询且具有缓存敏感特性。重点研究了一种针对CS2B-tree的两层锁并发访问机制,特别是设计了一种网格锁备忘录结构,使得索引能够支持多任务并发执行。基于并发访问机制,分别提出了CS2B-tree的并发更新算法及并发预测范围查询算法。实验表明,相对于Bx-tree,CS2B-tree的并发访问的吞吐量提高了15.1%,响应时间减少了14.9%。     

Consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F system with exchangeable components

As a generalization of k‐out‐of‐n:F and consecutive k‐out‐of‐n:F systems, the consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F system consists of n linearly ordered components such that the system fails iff there are m consecutive components which include among them at least k failed components. In this article, the reliability properties of consecutive k‐within‐m‐out‐of‐n:F systems with exchangeable components are studied. The bounds and approximations for the survival function are provided. A Monte Carlo estimator of system signature is obtained and used to approximate survival function. The results are illustrated and numerics are provided for an exchangeable multivariate Pareto distribution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009     

基于单元变形的网格间流场信息传递方法

针对单元网格发生变形重构中新旧网格之间的数据插值问题,提出一种基于格点格式有限体积法的流场数据传递方法。利用非结构动网格技术,将旧网格单元移动到新网格单元,同时时间推进求解流场控制方程,获得移动后旧网格单元物理量,并将其赋给新网格单元,以此来实现两套网格间的信息传递。计算结果表明,该方法在信息传递过程中没有引入插值误差,理论上流场求解方法的精度就是信息传递精度,验证结果表明其显著优于二阶插值精度。     

改进型PASTd双基地MIMO雷达相干目标角度跟踪算法

针对双基地MIMO雷达相干目标运动时角度跟踪问题,提出了一种基于数据平滑的快速跟踪算法。首先借鉴空间平滑的思想,采用数据平滑重构得到满秩的数据,去除相干信号造成的影响。对PASTd算法进行改进,提出适合平滑后数据的PASTd算法,通过改进的PASTd算法,能够更快地得到目标特征向量,并对其进行正交化得到信号子空间,最后结合ESPRIT算法得到收发角度,并实现自动配对,完成运动目标的角度跟踪。仿真结果验证算法的有效性。     

临近空间高超声速目标跟踪方法研究?

临近空间高超声速目标跟踪技术研究在空天防御系统中具有重要军事意义和理论价值。本文综述了临近空间高超声速目标跟踪中的目标运动建模、目标跟踪算法等研究内容的研究进展,并对其存在的问题进行了深入分析。针对这类目标跟踪存在的问题,结合临近空间高超声速目标探测跟踪需求,指出了临近空间高超声速目标跟踪技术的研究思路,为相关研究提供了参考。     

基于角反射器的诱扫主动攻击水雷方法

针对现有对抗主动攻击水雷方法的不足,根据主动攻击水雷工作特点,提出了利用串联角反射器模拟潜艇声反射,结合声扫雷具模拟潜艇声辐射,联合诱骗主动攻击水雷的方法。建立了模拟潜艇声反射强度计算模型,给出了从声反射强度及尺度特征方面模拟潜艇特征的方法,并进行了初步验证。为便于使用及提高对抗效率,对角反射器的类型、边长及构造进行了深度优化,显著提高了对抗主动攻击水雷时的效率,证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于HSV模型的运动目标提取与跟踪

为了实现对运动目标跟踪的目的,根据六角椎体模型原理(HSV),运用自适应阈值分割的方法,将运动目标从背景中提取出来,并对目标的运动轨迹进行计算与预测.利用Matlab 6.5,实现了单目标的提取与跟踪.经分析,这种方法速度较快,占用资源较少,非常适合工程应用.     

反舰导弹攻击方向的选择策略分析

具有航路规划能力的反舰导弹能通过选择合理的攻击方向对舰艇进行攻击,从而大大提高导弹的突防概率。针对单舰和不同编队形式的舰艇目标,选取了典型代表作为对象,分析了不同攻击方向对反舰导弹突防能力的影响,提出了选择合理攻击方向的依据,并进行了相关仿真计算。结论表明:针对单舰目标,可以两发导弹按90°夹角对目标实施两方向齐射;针对单式队形的舰艇编队,可将导弹的攻击方向选择为编队队列线方向;针对复式队形的舰艇编队,齐射导弹的攻击舷角应小于相邻两舰协同反导时导弹相对被攻击舰的最小舷角,从而尽量阻止敌方舰艇编队协同反导。