自旋稳定动能拦截器轨控发动机推力控制

提出了大气层外自旋稳定式动能拦截器的一种典型轨控发动机阵列布局.在分析小发动机工作的各种约束条件的基础上,推导了发动机推力角度、推力大小和冲量效率的计算公式,提出了发动机工作的控制方法.在各种初始条件下进行拦截仿真,所得的脱靶量均在0.3 m以内,可视为直接碰撞命中目标.同时通过仿真分析了冲量效率与自旋速度、发动机工作时间、每圈发动机个数的关系.     

MEMS惯性测量组合在无人机飞行参数测量中的应用

介绍了在无人机飞行试验中应用MEMS微惯性测量组合来解算飞行姿态、速度位置等参数的某个实例.试验结果表明,由此系统所得到的数据及曲线能够很好地描述实际飞行过程.试验数据为进一步地相关分析提供了有利的依据.     

坦克装甲车辆火控观瞄系统发展趋势分析

从火控总体的角度总结了国内外坦克装甲车辆火控观察瞄统的发展过程、现状,分析了观察瞄统的发展特点.对新近发展起来的顶置遥控武器站进行了初步研究,对其应配属的观瞄系统形式进行了探讨.在对未来装备需求和技术发展深入分析的基础上,提出了坦克装甲车辆火控观瞄系统未来的发展方向和需要重点突破和解决的关键技术.     

基于SINS/DVL/GPS的AUV组合导航技术

为了提高自主水下航行器组合导航系统的精度,选择了捷联式惯性导航系统(SINS)和多普勒速度声纳(DVL)导航为主、GPS卫星导航系统为辅的组合导航方法.通过Kalman滤波技术对组合导航的误差状态进行了估计,并采用反馈校正的方法修正SINS的导航误差.仿真结果表明SINS/DVL/GPS的组合导航可以有效地提高水下航行器SINS/DVL组合导航系统的导航精度,满足AUV远距离航行的精度需求.     

【专题】登陆破障装备技术发展应用述评

登陆破障行动是联合登陆战斗中各军兵种破障力量在敌预先设置和临机设置的各种障碍物中开辟通路的行动,也是确保登陆兵突击上陆和向纵深发展进攻的前提和关键。进入21世纪,随着高新技术的不断发展,传统的破障装备和手段已经不能适应新的战场,各种新式障碍相继出现,对登陆部队的破障能力提出更高要求,破障装备体系化、破障手段精确化以及破障过程无人化成为未来破障技术的重要发展方向。本文首先简要介绍了当前世界主流的破障装备和手段,并论述了其局限性,如破障效率低、人员和弹药消耗量大以及容易形成二次障碍等,然后从破障装备体系化、破障手段精确化和破障过程无人能化三个方面对未来破障装备技术发展趋势进行了展望。     

Research on simultaneous localization and mapping for AUV by an improved method: Variance reduction FastSLAM with simulated annealing

At present, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a research hotspot. Aiming at the problem of non-linear model and non-Gaussian noise in AUV motion, an improved method of variance reduction fast simultaneous localization and mapping (FastSLAM) with simulated annealing is proposed to solve the problems of particle degradation, particle depletion and particle loss in traditional FastSLAM, which lead to the reduction of AUV location estimation accuracy. The adaptive exponential fading factor is generated by the anneal function of simulated annealing algorithm to improve the effective particle number and replace resampling. By increasing the weight of small particles and decreasing the weight of large particles, the variance of particle weight can be reduced, the number of effective particles can be increased, and the accuracy of AUV location and feature location estimation can be improved to some extent by retaining more information carried by particles. The experimental results based on trial data show that the proposed simulated annealing variance reduction FastSLAM method avoids particle degradation, maintains the diversity of particles, weakened the degeneracy and improves the accuracy and stability of AUV navigation and localization system.     

Clustered coverage orienteering problem of unmanned surface vehicles for water sampling

This study investigates a clustered coverage orienteering problem (CCOP), which is a generalization of the classical orienteering problem. The problem is widely motivated by the emerging unmanned techniques (eg, unmanned surface vehicles and drones) applied to environmental monitoring. Specifically, the unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are used to monitor reservoir water quality by collecting samples. In the CCOP, the water sampling sites (ie, the nodes) are grouped into clusters, and a minimum number of nodes must be visited in each cluster. With each node representing a certain coverage area of the water, the objective of the CCOP is to monitor as much as possible the total coverage area in one tour of the USV, considering that overlapping areas provide no additional information. An integer programming model is first formulated through a linearization procedure that captures the overlapping feature. A two-stage exact algorithm is proposed to obtain an optimal solution to the problem. The efficiency and effectiveness of the two-stage exact algorithm are demonstrated through experiments on randomly generated instances. The algorithm can effectively solve instances with up to 60 sampling sites.     

无人作战的人机融合：挑战与出路

无人作战对于人和机器两个要素的融合提出了巨大的挑战。一方面,无人作战独特的作战模式和作战环境对于自然人的能力素质构成严峻挑战,高度智能化的作战系统运行速度、海量的数据信息日益挑战人类的反应能力和决策能力,虚拟的、远程的、与现实战场隔绝的作战环境日益挑战人类的心理素质。另一方面,机器的高度智能化虽然有利于更好地发挥潜在的作战能力,但也不可避免地带来战争失控和道德沦丧的风险。破解人机两个维度的挑战,实现人与机器的深度融合,一方面要利用增强技术从物理、生理、心理三个层面加速提高人类的能力素质,另一方面是强化机器人的伦理安全设计,坚守人类对机器人的控制底线,规避机器人失控和战争“非人化”的道德风险。     

固体药燃气逆向喷流热防护有效性分析

针对高超声速飞行器逆向喷流介质供应,采用固体药燃烧产生的燃气作为喷流的介质,来减小供应系统的质量与体积。采用数值计算的方法对高速飞行器球头逆向喷流流场进行数值模拟,分析不同飞行条件下高温燃气对球头热防护的影响。研究表明,采用高温燃气会减弱逆向喷流的热防护效果,但是对比无逆向喷流的驻点热流,最大热流仍然存在大幅度的下降。通过调节喷流压力,在不增加喷流质量的情况下,高温燃气逆向喷流可以取得与常温介质一致的热防护效果。针对6马赫数以上的飞行,现有的固体药燃气温度能够对飞行器头部实现有效的热防护。     

基于TDOA的双基无源定位方案

多站时差定位是一种较精确的定位方法,通过处理3个或3个以上测量站采集的信号到达时间来对辐射源定位.论述了多站时差无源定位的基本原理,提出了一种基于陆空平台相结合的TDOA(Time Difference Of Arrival)双基无源定位方案.主要论述了时差双基无源定位的基本原理,以及观测站与空中目标的同步、地面观测站的选择、误差校正等主要问题的实现方案,并给出了参与对目标视察定位的地面观测站的选择算法.此方案定位算法及定位精度仍在研究阶段.