Flow shop scheduling with earliness,tardiness, and intermediate inventory holding costs

We consider the problem of scheduling customer orders in a flow shop with the objective of minimizing the sum of tardiness, earliness (finished goods inventory holding), and intermediate (work‐in‐process) inventory holding costs. We formulate this problem as an integer program, and based on approximate solutions to two different, but closely related, Dantzig‐Wolfe reformulations, we develop heuristics to minimize the total cost. We exploit the duality between Dantzig‐Wolfe reformulation and Lagrangian relaxation to enhance our heuristics. This combined approach enables us to develop two different lower bounds on the optimal integer solution, together with intuitive approaches for obtaining near‐optimal feasible integer solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that applies column generation to a scheduling problem with different types of strongly ????‐hard pricing problems which are solved heuristically. The computational study demonstrates that our algorithms have a significant speed advantage over alternate methods, yield good lower bounds, and generate near‐optimal feasible integer solutions for problem instances with many machines and a realistically large number of jobs. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

Higher‐order Markov chain models for categorical data sequences*

In this paper we study higher‐order Markov chain models for analyzing categorical data sequences. We propose an efficient estimation method for the model parameters. Data sequences such as DNA and sales demand are used to illustrate the predicting power of our proposed models. In particular, we apply the developed higher‐order Markov chain model to the server logs data. The objective here is to model the users' behavior in accessing information and to predict their behavior in the future. Our tests are based on a realistic web log and our model shows an improvement in prediction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

BIT系统的三态马尔可夫模型分析

BIT技术是改善系统测试性和诊断能力的重要途径,但是较高的虚警率一直是阻碍BIT广泛应用的一个重要原因。研究过程中将系统状态划分为正常、间歇、故障三种状态,建立了马尔可夫模型,分析、对比了三态模型与两态模型的关系。理论分析结果表明:基于三态模型的BIT,在提高故障检测率的同时,还可以较大程度地降低虚警率。     

一种用于机电产品测试性设计的传感器优选MINLP模型

在单故障假设条件下,考虑了传感器的失效概率和设备的故障率,提出一种以故障检测率和故障隔离率为约束条件的降低传感器费用和失效概率的混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)模型,从而为机电产品测试性设计中传感器选择问题提供了一种可行和有效的解决方法,并进行了案例验证,说明了该方法的有效性。     

攻防对抗仿真中高炮火力单元射击指挥模型

在分析高炮火力单元射击指挥过程的基础上,着重对高炮火力单元射击指挥仿真中的目标搜索模型与杀伤效果评估模型进行了深入探讨和构建。在实现高炮杀伤效果评估方面,运用蒙特卡罗方法构建了符合实际、满足仿真粒度要求的高炮着发射与空炸射击毁伤概率计算模型。实际应用表明:模型满足仿真可信度和实时性要求,对开展地面防空作战仿真具有一定的借鉴意义。     

灾害应急反应建模与仿真

为了满足多智能体应急反应仿真的需求,首先对构建多智能体应急反应仿真模拟框架的复杂性进行了分析,在此基础上提出并设计了组件式仿真模拟框架.采用本体(Ontology)建模、语义网模型及产生式规则推理等理论方法构建了仿真模拟框架的场景建模模块、人员Agent建模模块等组件.最后对依照上述研究内容所开发的原型系统进行了测试,对测试结果进行了分析,结果表明该框架能够有效满足多智能体应急反应仿真的建模需求.     

Optimization of schedule stability and efficiency under processing time variability and random machine breakdowns in a job shop environment

The ability to cope with uncertainty in dynamic scheduling environments is becoming an increasingly important issue. In such environments, any disruption in the production schedule will translate into a disturbance of the plans for several external activities as well. Hence, from a practical point of view, deviations between the planned and realized schedules are to be avoided as much as possible. The term stability refers to this concern. We propose a proactive approach to generate efficient and stable schedules for a job shop subject to processing time variability and random machine breakdowns. In our approach, efficiency is measured by the makespan, and the stability measure is the sum of the variances of the realized completion times. Because the calculation of the original measure is mathematically intractable, we develop a surrogate stability measure. The version of the problem with the surrogate stability measure is proven to be NP‐hard, even without machine breakdowns; a branch‐and‐bound algorithm is developed for this problem variant. A tabu search algorithm is proposed to handle larger instances of the problem with machine breakdowns. The results of extensive computational experiments indicate that the proposed algorithms are quite promising in performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

关键循环到粗粒度可重构体系结构的存储感知映射

针对已有工作面向粗粒度可重构结构(CGRA)研究循环映射的不足,提出一种新颖的存储感知的关键循环映射方法 MALP。该方法定义RCP_CGRA体系结构模型并阐述关键循环到CGRA的映射问题,通过引入结合数组分簇的多面体数据域划分方法进行循环存储分析,根据分析结果,结合体系结构资源约束实现了循环的有效映射。实验结果表明,与已有的方法相比,MALP方法能够快速分析存储需求并有效降低循环映射的资源占用率,提高数据吞吐量,进一步提升了CGRA上循环映射的性能。     

多层卫星通信网络结构设计与分析

针对单层卫星网络时延高、网络阻塞概率大等问题,研究了多层卫星网络的系统结构及其特点。结合不同轨道卫星特点,引入分层卫星网络结构,采用Walker和极轨星座覆盖带设计法,设计了多层卫星网络星座。采用"弱连接"模型作为星际链路建立的基本原则,并对星座的覆盖性能和星际链路特性进行了仿真分析,结果表明,多层卫星网络在覆盖特性和星际链路性能上更具优势。     

以教师为中心教学模式在普通心理学教学中的应用初探

普通心理学是心理学专业学生的入门课程,其教学的目的是使学生通过学习获得对心理学体系的整体认识,并形成基本的学科框架,为其他专业课程的学习奠定基础。通过分析发现,普通心理学具有系统性、内容之间的关联性、对其他专业课堂的奠基性的学科特点和结构良好的知识特点;学生虽然有相关的朴素的心理学经验,但不具有科学的心理学专业知识的知识储备特点和成熟认知的思维特点。这些特征与教师中心取向的教学模式相吻合,同时学生的思维特点也为这种教学模式的开展提供了基础。