Combating Islamist radicalisation in South Africa

Is radical Islamism spreading in South Africa? The answer has to be an emphatic ‘yes’. When discussing issues of radicalisation in Africa, commentators often examine the case of Somalia's al-Shabaab or al-Qaeda's North African franchise, al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). Very little attention is paid to radicalisation amongst South Africa's Muslim population. Yet, there is growing evidence that South Africa has come to play an important role in global jihadi networks, from the provision of safehouses and identity documents to the movement of funds and the existence of paramilitary camps for local and foreign jihadis. This paper aims to briefly examine radicalisation and its attendant sources in the country, as well as seeking ways to combat it utilising lessons learned from other countries. ‘Institutional socialisation’ by means of the sources of radicalisation, as well as the concept of what could be termed ‘the democratisation of jihad’ are discussed. The author also proposes ways to combat radicalisation in South Africa utilising lessons learned from other countries, concluding that issues of radicalisation and deradicalisation have to be dealt with on the part of both government and the South African Muslim community.     

脉冲微分方程边值问题的全局分支与多解性

研究非线性脉冲微分方程边值问题,应用分歧技巧,得到非线性脉冲微分方程边值问题多个解的存在性结果.     

装甲装备器材库存超(欠)储状态分析与程度评价

定义了装甲装备器材库存超(欠)储的概念,提出了维修保障资源点器材储存状态的定性判别和量化方法;考虑数量、时间、空间等影响因素,提出了资源点维修器材超(欠)储程度的评价指标和评价方法,并结合某军区实际数据进行了验证。结果表明:资源点的平均超(欠)储程度反映了保障体系内所有资源点库存偏离正常水平的平均程度,可为确定调剂资源点的优先次序和供应数量提供依据。     

磁性目标跟踪的后验克拉美罗下限分析与计算

为了求解磁性目标跟踪问题的后验克拉美罗下限(PCRB),提出了PCRB-GMSPPF算法。该算法利用高斯混合采样粒子滤波算法对目标状态的真实后验概率密度分布进行抽样,再通过蒙特卡洛积分法迭代求解每个观测时刻的Fisher信息矩阵,进而得出目标状态估计的PCRB;克服了基于PF算法求解PCRB过程中由于粒子退化和贫化问题造成不能从后验概率分布中正确抽样的缺点;在建立磁性目标跟踪的状态模型和观测模型的基础上进行仿真分析,将求解出的PCRB与采用GMSPPF及PF算法进行跟踪的均方根误差做对比,验证所提的PCRB-GMSPPF算法的有效性,结果表明:针对磁性目标跟踪问题,PCRB-GMSPPF算法较PCRB-PF算法具有更好的准确性,并可用于一般的非线性模型跟踪误差下限分析。     

The German wars of liberation 1807–1815: The restrained insurgency

In the Age of Napoleon, ‘small wars’ and ‘revolutionary war’ were closely connected. There were, however, different strands of this phenomenon: speaking professionally, conservative officers condemned small wars as an irregular regression to previous less disciplined forms of warfare. The Prussian state continually tried to discipline and regulate spontaneous risings. Yet the irregular character of small wars offered the opportunities for a less complex way of fighting, thus enabling the arming of the ‘people’ to fight. Individual undertakings, such as Ferdinand von Schill's doomed campaign in 1809, were designed to spark off a general popular uprising. But they were cheered by many and supported by few. Meanwhile, Neidhardt von Gneisenau conceived guerrilla-style Landsturm home-defence forces, which were designed for an irregular people's war. These concepts were put into practice in the ‘war of freedom’ – or ‘war of liberation’ – in 1813. Eventually both the mobilisation and the tactics remained regular, however, despite the emphatic appeal to a national ‘people's war’.     

电离层色散特性对导航信号接收的影响

电离层是一种典型的色散介质,会对导航信号产生延迟,且不同频点处的电离层延迟互不相同。实际应用中通常只考虑接收信号中心频点处的电离层延迟,而忽略信号带宽范围内的电离层色散特性。建立了电离层色散特性的对导航信号接收的影响分析模型,并定量地分析了电离层色散效应对BPSK(10)、BOC(14,2)以及AltBOC(15,10)等宽带导航信号的影响。分析表明电离层色散效应对BPSK(10)信号的影响可忽略不计,对高阶BOC信号会产生一定程度的与电离层特性相关的相关损耗及载波跟踪偏差,其中AltBOC(15,10)产生的相关损耗最高约1.4dB,载波相位跟踪偏差最高约0.374π。     

MEMS磁力线聚集和垂动调制磁场传感器

针对巨磁阻和磁隧道结等磁阻元件的1/f噪声,提出一种采用微机电系统的磁力线聚集和垂动调制磁场传感器。通过将被测磁场从低频转移到几kHz,实现对磁场的DC/AC转化,从而减小了磁阻元件的1/f噪声。基于该方案采用多层膜巨磁阻元件AA002制作了磁场传感器样品,并进行了实验测试,结果表明:磁传感器样品的调制效率达到了19.3%,超过了已有的其他各种调制方案,同时低频磁场的探测能力达到槡120pT/Hz,相比巨磁阻元件AA002提高了40多倍。     

基于改进IMM-UKF的弹道导弹再入段跟踪数据滤波

针对弹道系数未知的弹道导弹再入段跟踪雷达测量数据滤波这类非线性强的滤波问题,提出可变多模型无迹卡尔曼滤波算法。利用无迹卡尔曼滤波逼近精度高,计算量小,适应于任意非线性模型的特点,将其作为多模型的基本滤波器;滤波算法根据各模型正确描述目标状态的概率,动态地改变多模型数量和模型参数。上述方法的综合运用,提高对目标状态估计精度,降低了计算的复杂度,仿真实验验证了方法的有效性。     

基于视景模拟的无人机导弹发射仿真

无人机单侧导弹发射后,无人机重量特性、重心位置、气动特性发生变化并同时产生附加的干扰力矩,无人机需要在控制系统作用下尽快恢复稳态飞行。通过在Matlab/Simulink中建立无人机六自由度非线性力学模型、控制系统模型、发动机模型、重力模型、标准大气模型、flight gear软件接口等,模拟仿真无人机单侧导弹发射过程,同时将仿真结果进行可视化视景输出,确保无人机系统平台在导弹发射过程中无人机能够很快恢复稳定姿态并按照预定轨迹飞行。视景模拟仿真结果表明：该无人机平台能够顺利完成导弹的安全发射。     

不确定条件下编队协同作战空中目标威胁评估

针对决策环境的不确定性,对不确定条件下舰艇编队协同作战的空中目标威胁评估过程进行了深入研究;在此基础上,根据舰艇编队协同决策的特点,综合运用风险型多属性决策理论,建立了满足不同决策层的舰艇目标威胁评估模型和编队目标威胁评估模型,从而提出了不确定条件下编队协同作战的空中目标威胁评估方法。最后,通过实例说明了所提方法的有效性。