Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

Investigation on the process parameters of TIG-welded aluminum alloy through mechanical and microstructural characterization

Multi-pass TIG welding was conducted on plates (15×300×180 mm3) of aluminum alloy Al-5083 that usually serves as the component material in structural applications such as cryogenics and chemical processing industries. Porosity formation and solidification cracking are the most common defects when TIG welding Al-5083 alloy, which is sensitive to the welding heat input. In the experiment, the heat input was varied from 0.89 kJ/mm to 5 kJ/mm designed by the combination of welding torch travel speed and welding current. Tensile, micro-Vicker hardness and Charpy impact tests were executed to witness the impetus response of heat input on the mechanical properties of the joints. Radiographic inspection was performed to assess the joint's quality and welding defects. The results show that all the specimens displayed inferior mechanical properties as compared to the base alloy. It was established that porosity was progressively abridged by the increase of heat input. The results also clinched that the use of me-dium heat input (1-2 kJ/mm) offered the best mechanical properties by eradicating welding defects, in which only about 18.26% of strength was lost. The yield strength of all the welded specimens remained unaffected indicated no influence of heat input. Partially melted zone (PMZ) width also affected by heat input, which became widened with the increase of heat input. The grain size of PMZ was found to be coarser than the respective grain size in the fusion zone. Charpy impact testing revealed that the absorbed energy by low heat input specimen (welded at high speed) was greater than that of high heat input (welded at low speed) because of low porosity and the formation of equiaxed grains which induce better impact toughness. Cryogenic (-196 C) impact testing was also performed and the results corroborate that impact properties under the cryogenic environment revealed no appreciable change after welding at designated heat input. Finally, Macro and micro fractured surfaces of tensile and impact specimens were analyzed using Stereo and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which have supported the experimental findings.     

Cooperative interception with fast multiple model adaptive estimation

For the case that two pursuers intercept an evasive target, the cooperative strategies and state estimation methods taken by pursuers can seriously affect the guidance accuracy for the target, which performs a bang For the case that two pursuers intercept an evasive target, the cooperative strategies and state estimation methods taken by pursuers can seriously affect the guidance accuracy for the target, which performs a bang-bang evasive maneuver with a random switching time. Combined Fast multiple model adaptive estimation (Fast MMAE) algorithm, the cooperative guidance law takes detection configuration affecting the accuracy of interception into consideration. Introduced the detection error model related to the line-of-sight (LOS) separation angle of two interceptors, an optimal cooperative guidance law solving the optimization problem is designed to modulate the LOS separation angle to reduce the estimation error and improve the interception performance. Due to the uncertainty of the target bang-bang maneuver switching time and the effective fitting of its multi-modal motion, Fast MMAE is introduced to identify its maneuver switching time and estimate the acceleration of the target to track and intercept the target accurately. The designed cooperative optimal guidance law with Fast MMAE has better estimation ability and interception performance than the traditional guidance law and estimation method via Monte Carlo simulation.     

车载光学测量设备任务调度问题建模与求解

为提高观测方案效费比、改进探测能力,探索了一类车载光学测量设备的观测任务调度问题,并给出了解决方案。将观测任务调度问题建模为一个寻找最优观测方案的数学问题,结合设备的性能特点,给出了观测方案的数学描述,梳理了观测方案应满足的约束,提出了评价观测方案质量的指标,进而利用多属性决策方法来计算不同方案的总体效能,并排序获得最优方案。仿真算例验证了方法的有效性,相关研究成果对车载光学测量设备的运用实践具有一定的参考价值。     

基于坐标转换的卡尔曼交互式多模型滤波算法

为解决舰炮火控系统中在笛卡尔坐标系中测量信息的互相关性,分析了目前舰炮火控系统中所用到的坐标系及其坐标变换,在瞄准线坐标系内建立了自适应滤波的交互式多模型算法,能够充分利用跟踪传感器的量测信息,在卡尔曼滤波中具有较强的自适应能力,通过与标准交互式多模型算法的对比验证,自适应交互式多模型算法在计算精度上明显好于标准交互式多模型算法。     

基于贝叶斯方法的指数寿命型产品可靠度评估方法

以经典法为推理基础,利用无验前信息时验前分布密度的假设方式及共轭分布函数的传递性,推导出指数寿命型产品在不同试验方案下可靠度R的多层贝叶斯评估方法。使得在利用贝叶斯方法对指数寿命型产品进行评估时,更具科学性和合理性。     

PD雷达信号时频特性分析

应用时频分析的基本理论和基本方法,分析了不同脉冲宽度、不同脉冲重复频率以及不同采样频率对PD雷达发射信号时频分布特征的影响,研究了不同目标距离、不同目标速度、不同目标加速度以及噪声背景下不同目标反射强度条件下PD雷达目标反射信号的时频分布特征,并使用MATLAB时频分析工具箱对其进行仿真。     

SAR抗干扰措施及效果度量研究

SAR作为一种军用雷达,其电子对抗与反对抗是永恒的主题。分析了SAR针对有源噪声干扰可采取的一系列抗干扰技术措施(ECCM),同时研究了ECCM后的效果度量,最后介绍了一种新的度量方法——干扰等功率曲线,将SAR抗干扰效果定量、直观地表现出来。     

Reliability of linear multistate multiple sliding window systems

This paper proposes a new model that generalizes the linear consecutive k‐out‐of‐r‐from‐n:F system to multistate case with multiple failure criteria. In this model (named linear multistate multiple sliding window system) the system consists of n linearly ordered multistate elements (MEs). Each ME can have different states: from complete failure up to perfect functioning. A performance rate is associated with each state. Several functions are defined for a set of integer numbers ρ in such a way that for each r ∈ ρ corresponding function f_r produces negative values if the combination of performance rates of r consecutive MEs corresponds to the unacceptable state of the system. The system fails if at least one of functions f_r for any r consecutive MEs for r ∈ ρ produces a negative value. An algorithm for system reliability evaluation is suggested which is based on an extended universal moment generating function. Examples of system reliability evaluation are presented. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

二次差频测距新方法及其性能分析

提出了一种基于二次差频测距的新方法。对其测距原理进行了详细推导,提出了简化发射机设计与便于后续信号处理的频点选取准则,理论分析了正确解模糊对信噪比的要求。通过与参差多频测距方法进行比较,分析了该方法的优越性。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。