要地防卫反无人机装备发展与启示

无人机技术的发展及其在现代战场的广泛应用,给机场、阵地、营地、指挥所等要地的防空体系带来新的挑战。以俄罗斯铠甲武器系统为首的弹炮结合末段防空系统代表了要地防卫装备的重要发展方向。本文从无人机技术发展对要地防空系统的新威胁出发,探讨传统防空武器系统在执行要地防卫过程中应对低、慢、小无人机目标可能存在的技术问题,并对比分析了监测控制类、直接摧毁类和干扰反制类等典型反无人机技术的特点,然后针对俄罗斯“铠甲”弹炮结合武器系统发展的过程、反无人机作战案例及其在要地防卫作战中的应用特点等进行深入探讨,最后针对要地防卫反无人机装备的发展提出若干建议。研究结果可为开展要地防卫反无人机装备的体系规划和发展论证提供参考。     

基于经济绩效的国防工业市场最优集中度研究

以满足企业利润最大化和社会福利最大化双重效率标准的思想为基础,通过拟合我国国防支出需求函数和国防工业企业的成本函数,对我国国防工业市场最优集中度进行了理论研究,得出最优企业数量的一般表达式,并以我国航空工业上市公司为例,对其市场集中度展开了系统性估算。研究结果表明,我国国防工业产业的最优企业数量可以根据相关数据与拟合出的参数得到一个明确的数值,并且我国国防工业产业的最优市场集中度表现为适度集中,而在特殊情况下表现为完全集中。我国航空工业上市公司的最优企业数量为14家时,能够满足企业利润最大化与市场出清的双重标准,市场集中度达到最优。     

Addressing the “headwinds” faced by the European arms industry

ABSTRACT

The European arms industry is challenged by several adverse “headwinds.” Fragmentation leads to costly duplications and, in conjunction with stagnating budgets and sharply increasing costs, prevents firms from exploiting economies of scale and learning. This is exacerbated by size differentials vis-a-vis the leading US arms manufacturers and competition from emerging producers. As some “headwinds” are self-enforcing, far-reaching industrial and policy responses are required to improve the industry's outlook. As exports may not indefinitely compensate for low domestic demand, there is an economic imperative for further cross-border collaboration and consolidation. Despite various EU policy initiatives, progresses regarding the European Defence Equipment Market and strengthening the European Defence Technological Industrial Base have been relatively slow. It remains to be seen whether the European Defence Fund will be the proclaimed “game-changer,” raising competitiveness of the European arms industry. At the same time, the UK's withdrawal from the EU adds uncertainties.     

What explains the failure of U.S. army reconstruction in Afghanistan?

ABSTRACT

This author wrote his doctorate thesis on post-conflict army reconstruction, submitting it in 2011. Continued research on the subject in the intervening seven years indicates that his theoretical propositions can be refined and improved. This article examines refinements to the model, and then applies those refinements in detail to the Afghan case. In so doing, it shifts the focus from potentially altruistic state-building to a case that was driven by pure national-strategic interests. Issues surrounding the liberal peace ideology dominate recent army reconstruction in conflict-affected states. The liberal peace underpinning is of supreme importance, so much so that in many discussions, it is internalised and accepted virtually without thought. This paper will advance the body of knowledge by establishing, for the first time, a theoretical basis for the widespread failure of army reconstruction in Afghanistan. The empirical basis builds on extensive previous research by other scholars. The resulting model can also be applied to better explain outcomes in other similar cases.     

Brazilian National Defence Policy: foreign policy,national security,economic growth,and technological innovation

ABSTRACT

With the world’s ninth largest economy and comprising nearly 60% of South America’s GDP, 47% of its territory, and 49% of its population, Brazil has become a regional power and an important actor in world affairs over recent decades. This scenario has led the government to re-evaluate its role in the world order, resulting in the enactment of the National Defence Policy, whose objective was to consolidate the country as a regional power while at the same time addressing national security issues, promoting economic development through a series of defence programmes, restructuring the defence industrial base, fostering innovation through technology and knowledge transfer to Brazil, and indigenous research and development. However, the policy’s implementation suffers from several challenges discussed in this article, which may test the capability and competence of Brazilian policymakers, military, industrialists, and other individuals and organisations involved in its implementation.     

关于高技术力量平战一体国防动员的思考

坚持向科技创新要战斗力,落实到国防动员建设领域,就是要紧紧围绕党在新形势下的强军目标,积极适应现代战争形态新变化、世界军事变革新趋势、总体国家安全新要求和军队使命任务新拓展,加强高技术力量平战一体国防动员,搭建起高技术力量在经济与军事、地方与军队、潜力与实力、平时与战时的桥梁和纽带,全面提升国防动员战时应战、急时应急、平时服务能力,为保障军队能打仗、打胜仗提供强大科技支撑。     

加强海防部队信息化建设

陆军海防部队是新型陆军的重要组成部分。军队规模结构和力量编成调整改革后,海防部队进行了全面整体重塑。海防部队信息化建设矛盾仍存在规划建设多元、装备相对滞后等问题。信息化建设应立足海防部队"岸岛海衔接、侦攻防一体"要求,尽快解决薄弱问题,加速推进向信息化、智能化海防转型发展。     

应对混合战争的人防工程安检设施设置研究

冷战结束后,"混合战争"的威胁日益增加,人民防空工程和其他各类城市安全设施都亟需改进安全防护手段,增设安全检查设施,防控敌对势力的恐怖袭击和后方破坏.人防工程在战时对于出入口通行效率的要求远比地铁设施高,且出入口区域空间有限,无法照搬现有的地铁安检措施.本文从防范标准、安检流程以及技术手段等方面进行分析,提出运用新的检...     

网络化防空导弹反导作战效能综合评估方法

以美国海军CEC系统为背景,介绍了网络化防空导弹系统的优点,分析了网络化防空导弹系统反导防御作战效能综合评估的复杂性,提出了一种网络化防空导弹系统反导防御作战效能综合评估的指标、方法和模型.对网络化防空导弹系统的评估提供了理论指导.     

基于条件事件代数理论的战术防空态势评估

态势评估是战场决策的基础,而如何进行正确的战场决策对防空战斗有着重要的影响.在对态势评估进行分析的基础上,根据条件事件代数理论,提出了一种对战术防空态势评估问题进行推理的方法,并通过示例介绍了对战术防空态势评估问题进行求解的过程.同时该方法也为解决战术防空态势评估问题提供了一种有效依据.