中国超算技术赶超发展模式探析

超级计算是解决国家安全、经济建设、科学进步、社会发展和国防建设等领域重大挑战性问题的重要手段,是各国科技发展中必争的战略制高点。通过调查和实证,重点分析了中国超算技术追赶中政府的引导作用和企业作为市场主体的作用。面向领域的战略需求,在财政能力非常有限的情况下,政府通过长期资助,形成厚实的知识和人才队伍积累;面向科技创新,政府主导全国的集群创新实现中国超算登顶,并建设国家超算基础设施;面向全面发展,积极发展超算应用,并按照企业是市场主体的原则,通过企业参与超算竞争研制,实现技术溢出和市场突破。超算技术发展模式可以为其他高技术领域发展提供借鉴经验。     

排队论在导弹防御体系射击效能中的应用

针对当前空袭手段多样化、综合化和一体化的特点,运用排队论方法,设计了一种基于排队论的射击效能评估模型。该模型综合考虑了各种因素对舰空导弹射击效能的影响,当编队的配置(如防御层数、通道数量)有所变化时,依然可以灵活运用上述模型对编队射击效能做出准确评估。     

过程方法在防化科研质量管理系统中的应用

介绍了根据国军标要求建立的科研质量管理系统．运用“过程方法”,对现行科研体制下的科研进程进行了识别,并提出了具体的控制要求。     

基于遗传算法的弹炮混编防空群火力分配

近期局部战争中的防空作战经验表明:实施弹炮混编可以大大提高防空武器系统的作战效能,而如何实施有效的火力分配又是其中的一个重要环节.针对陆军弹炮混编防空群射击指挥中的火力分配问题,简要分析了防空导弹和高炮武器系统射击的不同特点,提出了弹炮混编防空群的火力分配方法,并建立了优化火力分配方案的数学模型.在此基础上,采用遗传算法对此模型求解.结果表明,遗传算法为弹炮混编防空群的火力优化分配问题提供了一条有效途径.     

舰艇编队对空防御火力分配评价模型

未来高技术条件下水面舰艇编队防空作战能力是其生存能力的关键因素.对舰艇编队防空来讲,进行硬抗击的武器主要是舰空导弹和舰炮两种,如何合理地利用这些武器,最大地发挥舰艇编队的防空作战能力,成为舰艇对空防御作战研究的一个重要课题.结合舰艇编队对空防御的实际情况,利用模糊数学的方法,建立了舰艇编队对空防御火力分配方案的模糊综合评价模型.     

关于增强各民族国家认同的几点思考

当今是民族个性张扬的时代,极端民族主义、恐怖主义和民族分裂主义是其外在表现形式,这是一种异化的民族认同,不利于各民族国家内部各民族对该国的国家认同和国家安全。应该以公民权为本位来构建民族认同,进而形成整体的国家认同;以保障公民生存权平等为契机,构建现实意义上的国家认同;以维护各民族人民的根本利益为核心,化民族主义为爱国主义;以保证各民族的和睦发展为目标,整体提高国家构建新时期和谐社会的能力。     

The comparison of military budgets of the eastern and central European countries

The evolutions of military expenditures in Eastern and Central European countries are difficult to estimate and to compare, due to the lack of available data for these states. Some results of the extent of cuts in defence spending since 1990 are interesting to interpret, but it is difficult for econometricians to use these figures even carefully. The structures of national military expenditure have been modified to the detriment of arms equipment. Thus, the disarmament process needs a special analysis of the arms industry.     

THE EFFECTS OF THE WORLD DEFENSE INDUSTRY AND US MILITARY AID TO ISRAEL ON THE ISRAELI DEFENSE INDUSTRY: A DIFFERENTIATED PRODUCTS MODEL

This paper models the interactions between the defense industry market structure and the defense needs of Israel, the USA and Western Europe, which produce several heterogeneous defense goods. The model specifies that the defense industries of the US and Europe are ‘large’ while that of Israel is ‘small’. The US military aid to Israel is also an integral part of the model. The results show that net defense costs of Israel are minimal when the number of its defense firms is one. The model predicts that an increase in US military aid reduces Israel’s government expenditure, its defense industry’s profits and its net defense costs.     

RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT: TRENDS IN COST AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR UK AEROSPACE

This paper, intended to stimulate debate, suggests that we are at a turning point in the history of the UK military aerospace industry. It argues that there is urgent need for a fresh vision as to how the UK military aerospace industry can both prosper and make its maximum contribution to the defence of Britain. Further, the resulting plans and policies must emphasise the robustness of defence capabilities in a future in which the only thing we can be certain is that it will be very different from the present – especially whenever defence most matters.     

OPTING OUT OF THE IRON TRIANGLE

Between the 1960s and the 1990s, the US chemical industry went from lobbying against the Geneva Protocol and promoting increased funding for chemical warfare to refusing to produce binary chemical weapons and assisting with the negotiations of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)—even though the treaty included provisions that could be costly to industry. What happened in those thirty years to make the US chemical industry reverse its position on chemical weapons? This article argues these changes were largely caused by the chemical industry's desire to reform the negative public image it had acquired due to its involvement in the Agent Orange scandal and other high-profile incidents during the 1970s and 1980s. The chemical industry's assistance with CWC negotiations may be explained after an examination of the US public policy literature, which argues that industry will support apparently costly regulations if doing so helps it repair a damaged public image and ensures greater profits in the long run.