Lessons learnt? Cultural transfer and revolutionary wars, 1775–1831

Did participants in small wars in the period 1775–1831 learn from previous or contemporary examples? While this is difficult to prove for participants who left no written records, there is considerable evidence in existing publications by practitioners that they did indeed draw out lessons from recent insurgencies, either from their own experience or from events elsewhere which they studied from afar, especially the Spanish Guerrilla, which had already become legendary. Most authors showed an interest in how to stage insurgencies rather than in how to quell them. Even then, transfer did not come in a package of tactics-cum-values, but in each case in different configurations.     

被动全向声纳浮标跟踪潜艇的优化布放方法

反潜飞机利用被动全向声纳浮标可以隐蔽地跟踪潜艇,但浮标消耗量大。在满足定位精度的条件下,如何优化布放浮标以便有效增加跟踪时间是一个亟待解决的问题。首先分析了浮标探测性能和浮标群相对位置对定位精度的影响,得到浮标布放的五种基本原则;然后结合水下目标跟踪技术提出了两种用被动全向声纳浮标跟踪潜艇的优化布放方法:一种是利用遗传算法来优化每一枚浮标的布放位置,另一种是将一批次投放2-4枚浮标的多维优化问题简单转换成一维优化问题来确定浮标的布放位置。最后仿真计算了这两种方法的跟踪性能及浮标消耗量。仿真结果表明,两种优化布放方法均能满足跟踪要求,前者的浮标消耗量比后者略少,但后者的投放批次少很多,有利于减少人员的工作量。     

天线波束对飞机射频隐身性能的影响分析

射频隐身是新一代军用飞机必须具备的重要能力。从隐身飞机的实际使用环境出发,针对以往只考虑个体对抗特性,采用Schleher截获因子评价飞机射频隐身性能的不足,提出了基于整体对抗特性,采用联合截获概率评估射频隐身性能的新方法,为射频隐身研究提供了新思路。通过对隐身飞机的射频使用环境建模,计算了天线波束的空、地覆盖区大小,结合联合截获概率的定义和计算方法,仿真了不同情况下天线波束宽度对联合截获概率的影响。根据仿真结果,分析了天线波束对飞机射频隐身性能的影响,其结论可为隐身飞机天线设计时的折中考虑提供基础和参考依据。     

信息化条件下防精确打击的策略

信息化条件下,精确打击已经成为主要的火力打击方式,防精确打击是一个现实而紧迫的课题。介绍了精确打击武器的概念、分类和应用现状;针对各种精确打击武器的制导原理,提出防精确打击的主要策略。认为反侦察是防精确打击的关键,干扰制导装置是重要手段,建立完善的预警系统必不可少,设置假目标是低成本高效益的防精确打击措施。     

浅谈网络中心战

网络中心战是未来战争的主要作战样式,首先依次介绍网络中心战的概念、体系结构、优势,然后通过伊拉克战争实例说明网络中心战的优越性,最后指出网络中心战存在的问题及我军面对军事变革挑战应如何应对。     

基于HLA的电子战仿真测试与评估

针对电子战系统的特点,介绍了电子战系统开发与测试的一般过程。分析基于高层体系结构的电子战仿真测试与评估包括两个方面,HLA各组成部分性能以及电子战系统自身效能的测试与评估。在分析美国电子战仿真测试的基础上,将基于HLA的电子战系统应用于指挥自动化体系对抗仿真中,设计了对应的框架结构。分别对运行支撑系统KD-RTI和DMSORTI1.3v6在不同传输方式下的传输时延和丢包率进行了比较。进一步以信息的完备性为指标,对电子战系统的作战效能进行了评估。     

基于学习矢量量化(LVQ)神经网络的雷达体制识别

由于现代战争中雷达体制的多样化、复杂化及其综合应用使得雷达体制识别中要处理大量复杂的高维数据,学习矢量量化(LVQ)神经网络不仅能处理有监督分类,而且相对于其他神经网络能以较小的计算量处理大量输入数据,所以采用LVQ对雷达体制进行识别,同时针对LVQ学习速率的变化可能引起学习算法不稳定,采用修正的学习速率算法.在简要介绍雷达体制和LVQ的基础上构造了LVQ神经网络对雷达体制进行分类.通过与径向基神经网络(RBFN)识别算法的仿真对比,证实了方法的有效性.     

Electronic warfare in the optical band: Main features,examples and selected measurement data

The paper presents the possibilities of, and methods for, acquiring, analysing and processing optical signals in order to recognise, identify and counteract threats on the contemporary battleground. The main ways electronic warfare is waged in the optical band of the electromagnetic wave spectrum have been formulated, including the acquisition of optical emitter signatures, as well as ultraviolet (UV) and thermal (IR) signatures. The physical parameters and values describing the emission of laser radiation are discussed, including their importance in terms of creating optical signatures. Moreover, it has been shown that in the transformation of optical signals into signatures, only their spectral and temporal parameters can be applied. This was confirmed in experimental part of the paper, which includes our own measurements of spectral and temporal emission characteristics for three types of binocular laser rangefinders. It has been further shown that through simple registration and quick analysis involving comparison of emission time parameters in the case of UV signatures in “solar-blind” band, various events can be identified quickly and faultlessly. The same is true for IR signatures, where the amplitudes of the recorded signal for several wavelengths are compared. This was confirmed experimentally for UV signatures by registering and then analyzing signals from several events during military exercises at a training ground, namely Rocket Propelled Grenade (RPG) launches and explosions after hitting targets, trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosions, firing armour-piercing, fin-stabilised, discarding sabots (APFSDS) or high explosive (HE) projectiles. The final section describes a proposed model database of emitters, created as a result of analysing and transforming the recorded signals into optical signatures.     

航空兵编队空战决策模型研究

针对航空兵编队空战决策问题,从单机和编队两个层次上建立了编队威胁评估模型;并在此基础上建立了编队目标分配、攻击排序及火力分配模型;以5对8编队空战为例进行了仿真计算,计算结果表明,该模型能较好的解决多机种编队空战的战术决策问题。     

防空导弹武器系统网络化作战统一指令场技术研究

分析了未来防空导弹武器系统网络化作战对统一指令场的要求,提出将直接扩频码分多址技术用于统一指令场,并在典型的进攻模式和战场环境下针对要地保护区域给出了一种合理的武器系统配置以及统一指令场设计。