一种有效的红外弱小目标DBT算法研究

作为红外自寻的制导、搜索跟踪和预警等领域的一项关键技术,红外弱小目标检测与跟踪成了红外图像处理领域中的一项重要研究课题。本文采用了"先检测后跟踪(DBT)"的思想对红外小目标进行检测与跟踪,首先采用基于各向异性偏微分方程的背景抑制技术对单帧图像进行抑制,再用最大绝对对比度阈值对红外图像进行分割,最后采用形心跟踪法对小目标点坐标定位。试验证明本文算法应用于目标检测的可行性和有效性。     

不同腐蚀状态不锈钢管焊缝区 碱性腐蚀的电位噪声特征

利用电化学电位噪声方法检测了不同腐蚀状态304与316两种不镑钢管焊缝区试样在室温碱液中的腐蚀行为,并采用电化学噪声时域谱、频域谱进行了分析,结果表明:不同腐蚀状态焊缝试样的腐蚀电位及噪声时城谱特征不同,可利用电位噪声频城谱的高频斜率K值定性判定是否发生局部腐蚀,同时可根据频城谱中发生事件特殊频率fn区分材料的腐蚀状态...     

非平稳噪声背景下DOA分步估计方法研究

针对相干和非相干信源同时存在的情况,结合斜投影理论和互相关矢量Toeplitz矩阵重构(CVTR)的方法,提出一种新的信源DOA分步估计方法。该方法把相干信源和非相干信源分开分辨,对相干信源用CVTR方法来恢复为满秩,避免了常规平滑算法阵列孔径损失大、运算量大的缺点;用斜投影算子而非差分方法对信源进行分离,不受相关矩阵须为Toeplitz结构的限制,使得算法可适用于任意阵列结构形式。这种分步分辨思路可有效增强信源过载能力,同时在互相关矢量Toeplitz矩阵重构过程中,可把非平稳噪声协方差矩阵转换成白噪声结构,使得算法对非平稳噪声有较好的适应能力。     

Signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio estimation for wireless communication systems: Methods and analysis

The Signal‐to‐Interference‐plus‐Noise Ratio (SINR) is an important metric of wireless communication link quality. SINR estimates have several important applications. These include optimizing the transmit power level for a target quality of service, assisting with handoff decisions and dynamically adapting the data rate for wireless Internet applications. Accurate SINR estimation provides for both a more efficient system and a higher user‐perceived quality of service. In this paper, we develop new SINR estimators and compare their mean squared error (MSE) performance. We show that our new estimators dominate estimators that have previously appeared in the literature with respect to MSE. The sequence of transmitted bits in wireless communication systems consists of both pilot bits (which are known both to the transmitter and receiver) and user bits (which are known only by the transmitter). The SINR estimators we consider alternatively depend exclusively on pilot bits, exclusively on user bits, or simultaneously use both pilot and user bits. In addition, we consider estimators that utilize smoothing and feedback mechanisms. Smoothed estimators are motivated by the fact that the interference component of the SINR changes relatively slowly with time, typically with the addition or departure of a user to the system. Feedback estimators are motivated by the fact that receivers typically decode bits correctly with a very high probability, and therefore user bits can be thought of as quasipilot bits. For each estimator discussed, we derive an exact or approximate formula for its MSE. Satterthwaite approximations, noncentral F distributions (singly and doubly) and distribution theory of quadratic forms are the key statistical tools used in developing the MSE formulas. In the case of approximate MSE formulas, we validate their accuracy using simulation techniques. The approximate MSE formulas, of interest in their own right for comparing the quality of the estimators, are also used for optimally combining estimators. In particular, we derive optimal weights for linearly combining an estimator based on pilot bits with an estimator based on user bits. The optimal weights depend on the MSE of the two estimators being combined, and thus the accurate approximate MSE formulas can conveniently be used. The optimal weights also depend on the unknown SINR, and therefore need to be estimated in order to construct a useable combined estimator. The impact on the MSE of the combined estimator due to estimating the weights is examined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

SAR图像适配区选择方法

为选择具有高匹配概率和高匹配精度特点的SAR适配区,结合SAR成像特点,分析了惯导及成像参数误差对适配区的影响,设计了多种适配性评价参数,提出了一种由粗到细的适配区层次性选择方法.该方法充分考虑了适配区在总体和细节上的需求,层次性选择有效避开了构造预测函数的难题.试验结果表明该方法可在SAR图像匹配系统中选出高性能的适配区,且所选适配区匹配概率可达97％以上.     

一种图像去模糊正则化恢复算法参数确定方法

为了解决模糊正则化恢复算法中参数确定问题,提出一种正则化参数确定方法,该方法根据降质图像特征计算正则化参数.分析了目前普遍应用的全变分正则化方法和该问题的改进拉格朗日迭代解法(SALSA),分析不同正则化参数对恢复效果的影响,提出的正则化参数确定方法与噪声和原图像梯度大小相关.对不同梯度和噪声图像的不同正则化参数恢复效果进行对比,得到提出的正则化参数确定方法能使恢复图像的改进信噪比处于最大值附近.从实验视觉效果得出,该参数确定方法能够抑制降质图像的噪声并能够尽量恢复原图像细节信息.     

基于边缘检测技术的温度计自动检定装置研制

为了解决人工检定温度计存在的工作效率低、劳动强度高、读数误差大和检定油烟重等问题,运用边缘检测技术,先对图像作预处理,再利用经典的Sobel边缘检测算子和三线识别方法,将温度计液柱图像转换为数字化的温度计示值;对温度计检定槽进行自动化改造,由计算机控制温度计插槽旋转角度和摄像机运动高度,再由单片机控制执行指令,将采集的图像传给计算机,从而研制出温度计自动检定装置,并实现计算机自动处理检定信息、打印原始记录和检定证书。     

一种基于改进Hausdorff距离的图像匹配方法

Hausdorff距离(HD)是图像匹配常用的相似性准则。针对HD在实际图像中难以匹配的问题,提出了基于核密度函数的HD改进形式,该HD是通过对各个最小距离值进行核密度函数计算,并将函数值的和的均值作为单向HD值,无向的HD值取两个单向值的最小值。实验结果表明,提出的改进HD在遮挡、局部变化情况下比其它的HD距离具有较好匹配效果。     

RDWT和NVF的自适应彩色图像水印算法

提出一种基于冗余小波(RDWT:Redundant Wavelet Transform)和噪声可见度函数(NVF:Noise Visibility Function)的彩色图像水印嵌入新算法,该算法利用主体图像的稳态广义Gaussian模型描述图像的局部特性,建立了水印信息的加权系数计算公式。在水印嵌入过程中先对主图像在YIQ空间的Y分量进行RDWT变换。同时利用NVF函数对经过加密变换的水印进行加权处理,然后利用奇异值分解将水印嵌入到变换域复杂纹理和边缘区域。实验结果表明该算法在保证水印不可见性的同时能很好地抵抗多种几何攻击和图像处理攻击,实现了水印鲁棒性、不可见性和容量的统一。     

基于Hausdorff距离的SAR图像匹配方法

在传统基于边缘位置的Hausdorff距离匹配基础上,将边缘点的梯度方向信息引入到距离度量中。提出了一种新Hausdorff距离及相应的匹配算法,并将其应用到SAR图像匹配中。实验表明,该算法相对于传统的基于边缘位置的Hausdorff距离匹配算法鲁棒性有所改进。