制氢过程中一氧化碳氧化反应速率控制的平滑切换方法

铂族金属催化剂CO氧化过程呈现较为复杂的本质非线性属性,如反应速率突变、双稳定性和迟滞,这些本质非线性属性取决于化学反应内在的稳定性和自组织机制,所产生的一个外在结果是CO氧化反应速率与控制参数之间呈现出路径依赖的输入输出关系。对这类系统采用传统的线性控制方法具有固有的不稳定机制,可以导致化学反应速率的震荡以及控制系统的失稳;而采用常规非线性切换控制则面临在切换初始时刻所具有的大干扰问题,较大地影响控制系统的动态性能甚至稳定性。针对研究所面临的这种大干扰问题,提出基于积分初值重置的平滑切换控制方法予以解决。结果表明,所提出的方法能够从原理上解决CO氧化反应控制过程的平滑切换问题,较好地提高控制系统的动态性能。     

Research and development of training pistols for laser shooting simulation system

Firearm shooting simulators are effective means for training the personnel in armed forces, police and shooting athletes. Shooter–weapon is a complex biomechanical system, therefore the best training quality is achieved when the process of a weapon shot is reconstructed in a training simulator and its training weapon mimics the (feeling) perception of the real weapon usage. Dynamics of motions of a handgun simulator held in the hand of a shooter by its grip during the shot is analysed theoretically and experimentally. Breech lock mechanism of the simulator is actuated pneumatically by supplying compressed air in pulses from external pressure source. Analysis of the obtained simulation results and experimentally recorded motion parameters of the training weapon body reveals that application of pneumatic drives is a reasonable option to simulate recoil perception of a pistol.     

Theoretical calculation and experimental study on the interaction mechanism between TKX-50 and AP

The combination of 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) and ammonium perchlorate (AP) can make greater use of the chemical energy of TKX-50 based energetic materials. The research on the interaction mechanism between TKX-50 and AP is very important for designing TKX-50-AP compounds and judging the formation feasibility of composite particles, which can lay a theoretical foundation for the preparation of TKX-50-AP mixed crystals and the application of TKX-50 in propellant, propellant and explosive. Herein, in order to research the interaction mechanism between TKX-50 and AP, density-functional theory calculation was applied to optimize three configurations of TKX-50-AP compounds. The geometry structure, electrostatic potential and binding energy of the compounds were predicted, and the electronic density topological analysis was also carried out. Then TKX-50-AP mixed crystals structures were constructed, and the radial distribution function of H–O and H–N in mixed crystals was calculated. Finally, solvent/non-solvent method was applied to prepare TKX-50-AP composites, and the infrared spectroscopy and the non-isothermal decomposition performance of the composites were characterized. Results show that the superposition of positive charges in TKX-50 molecule and negative charges in AP makes the electrostatic potential distributions of TKX-50-AP compounds different from that of TKX-50 and AP. The interaction energies of TKX-50-AP 1, TKX-50-AP 2 and TKX-50-AP 3 are 39.743 kJ/mol, 61.206 kJ/mol and 27.702 kJ/mol, respectively. The interaction between TKX-50 molecules and AP molecules in TKX-50-AP mixed crystals both depends on hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force, and the number and strength of hydrogen bonds are significantly greater than that of van der Waals force. The composition of AP and TKX-50 makes the absorption peak of the five-membered rings and NH₃OH⁺ of TKX-50 shift to low wavenumber in the infrared spectroscopy. In general, TKX-50 interacts with AP via hydrogen bonds and van der Waals force, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The composition of TKX-50 and AP can also prolong the decomposition process.     

Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

反电动势对无扰载荷航天器精确定向的影响

无扰载荷航天器中非接触式作动器反电动势会引起有效载荷模块与支持模块之间的耦合,影响有效载荷模块的精确定向性能。通过建立无扰载荷航天器的耦合动力学模型,分析非接触式作动器反电动势对有效载荷模块精确定向性能的影响。考虑六支杆立方构型无扰载荷接口,结合拉格朗日方程和牛顿欧拉方法建立有效载荷模块平台动力学模型。推导非接触式作动器的输出力模型,并引入有效载荷模块平台动力学模型,给出考虑非接触式作动器反电动势的耦合动力学模型。将支持模块上飞轮动静不平衡引起的谐振作为干扰力矩,建立了无扰载荷航天器在轨定向状态的Simulink仿真模型。仿真结果表明,反电动势系数越大,干扰力矩对有效载荷模块的影响越大,有效载荷模块精确定向精度越低。     

扩展式机动目标可调白噪声模型

在目标跟踪过程中,每个量测周期所得到的雷达量测数据以极坐标形式表示。量测方程在极坐标中是线性的,但在笛卡儿坐标系中却是非线性的。此时,目标跟踪实际上是非线性的。随着现代航空、航天技术的发展,飞行器的机动性得到了更大的加强,这就使跟踪问题变得更加困难和复杂。针对非线性机动目标跟踪问题,提出了一种扩展式当前统计模型机动目标跟踪算法。该算法不需要假定目标的机动加速度模型,而是直接正确地估计出机动目标的当前状态,不存在任何估计滞后与修正问题。最后,给出了算法的仿真分析。     

基于改进粒子群算法的自动机性能评估

由于自行高炮自动机状态监测中缺乏行之有效的机构性能评估手段,引入了改进粒子群算法。建立了自动机动力学模型,对后坐过程进行了动力学仿真,确定了反映机构性能的浮动曲线特征量。针对粒子群算法收敛速度慢、精度低等缺陷,对其进行改进,并结合曲线特征量对自动机性能参数进行了评估。结果表明:改进后粒子群算法的算法收敛性和结果精度都有明显的改善,有效实现了自动机的性能参数评估。     

基于SD的信息化防御作战中兰彻斯特方程

在对信息化条件下的防御作战进程分析的基础上,增加信息因素和兵力补充速度对经典的兰彻斯特方程进行改进。通过引入系统动力学方法,构建了信息化条件下的防御作战进程的系统动力学模型,利用系统动力学方法来对改进的兰彻斯特方程进行求解。仿真结果证明了系统动力学在解决复杂兰彻斯特方程中的优越性。     

OFDM系统中高功率放大器预失真技术研究

针对正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中高功率放大器(HPA)固有的非线性特性导致频谱再生和邻道干扰等问题,介绍了一种高功率放大器的自适应预失真技术,该技术采用查表法对信号进行预失真。本文用M AT-LAB仿真研究分析了基于查表法自适应基带预失真算法的有效性。仿真实验表明:该预失真算法可以有效地降低放大器所带来的OFDM信号频谱再生等非线性失真,提高了系统的性能。     

基于SD方法的作战指挥决策系统效能分析模型

指挥决策系统是一个非线性的复杂系统,用一般的解析方法难以对其进行效能评估。在分析指挥决策系统构成的基础上,根据指挥决策的4个要素,建立了指挥决策系统的评估指标体系;综合考虑战术和技术指标,从指挥员影响度,指挥机关影响度,指挥信息系统影响度和决策信息影响度4个方面建立了指挥决策系统效能分析模型,前两项指标可以采用层次分析法等方法确定其效能值,后两项指标利用系统动力学方法,结合实际作战的具体战术指标建模,实现了效能值的动态评估分析。