分段履带式水陆两栖车减阻增速试验及数值仿真

为了研究分段履带式水陆两栖车的水动力性能,实现减阻增速,将尾翼板安装到水陆两栖车的方艉部,并开展了水池试验和仿真研究,两者的研究结果具有较好的一致性。通过仿真研究了车体的纵向重心位置、尾翼板的长度和角度对水陆两栖车阻力性能的影响,并分析了阻力成分的变化趋势。研究结果表明:车体纵向重心位置在540～560 mm 时,车体所受水阻力最小;在速度为3～5 m/s时,长度为156 mm,与水平面夹角为10°的尾翼板减阻效果最明显,相比于原裸车体的阻力,减阻率达到34.3%;加装尾翼板可以增加车体的尾部中空区长度,相当于增加了水线长,增大了长宽比。该研究表明:适当调节重心位置和优化尾翼板参数,可以有效实现水陆两栖车的减阻增速。     

Analysis of the effect of bore centerline on projectile exit conditions in small arms

Most finite element models of small arms focus on an idealized barrel, typically one with a perfectly straight bore centerline. Using five different experimentally measured bore centerlines, this investigation analyzes the effect centerline nonlinearity has on projectile exit conditions. This includes the effect of rotating a centerline through several orientations. Modeled using Abaqus/Explicit, this dynamic analysis simulates a single firing cycle for each centerline. Projectile jump is calculated for each model as a measure of the effects of warped centerlines. The warped centerlines have a small effect on barrel dynamics.     

Shock initiation performance of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive

3-nitro-1,2,4-tri-azol-5-one (NTO) is a high energy insensitive explosive. To study the shock initiation process of NTO-based polymer bonded explosive JEOL-1 (32%octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), 32% NTO, 28% Al and 8% binder system), the cylinder test, the gap experiments and numerical simulation were carried out. Firstly, we got the detonation velocity (7746 m/s) and the parameters of Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation of state (EOS) for detonation product by cylinder test and numerical simulation. Secondly, the Hugoniot curve of unreacted explosive for JEOL-1 was obtained calculating the data of pressure and time at different Lagrangian positions. Then the JWL EOS of unreacted explosive was obtained by utilizing the Hugoniot curve as the reference curve. Finally, we got the pressure growth history of JEOL-1 under shock wave stimulation and the parameters of the ignition and growth reaction rate equation were obtained by the pressure-time curves measured by the shock-initiation gap experiment and numerical simulation. The determined trinomial ignition and growth model (IG model) parameters can be applied to subsequently simulation analysis and design of insensitive ammunition with NTO-based polymer bonded explosive.     

水雾扩散模型仿真

建立水雾红外衰减模型时,通常把水雾空间看作单一均匀整体处理,然而雾滴的扩散现象使水雾的雾滴密度无法保证处处相等,所以仿真结果与实际情况相比普遍存在较大偏差。针对这一问题,基于高斯扩散理论与Mie散射理论,提出了一种新的建模方案。通过将水雾空间划分为多个子空间,并计算每个子空间内水雾消光性能的建模方法,提高建模的准确性。同时结合红外制导导弹来袭的方向变化,计算出不同方向上的水雾消光性能。从仿真结果可以看出,这种建模方式能够很好地克服以往建模方法的缺陷,为探索水雾的精确建模提供了一种新思路。     

Numerical simulation of the natural fragmentation of explosively loaded thick walled cylinders

The ability to predict the natural fragmentation of an explosively loaded metal casing would represent a significant achievement. Physically-based material models permit the use of small scale laboratory tests to characterise and validate their parameters. The model can then be directly employed to understand and design the system of interest and identify the experiments required for validation of the predictions across a wide area of the performance space. This is fundamentally different to the use of phenomenologically based material algorithms which require a much wider range of characterisation and validation tests to be able to predict a reduced area of the performance space. Eulerians numerical simulation methods are used to describe the fragmentation of thick walled EN24 steel cylinders filled with PBXN-109 explosive. The methodology to characterise the constitutive response of the material using the physically based Armstrong–Zerilli constitutive model and the Goldthorpe path dependent fracture model is described, and the results are presented. The ability of an Eulerian hydrocode to describe the fragmentation process and reproduce the experimentally observed fragment mass and velocity distributions is presented and discussed. Finally the suitability of the current experimental analysis methodology for simulation validation is addressed.     

Dynamic analysis of a guided projectile during engraving process

The reliability of the electronic components inside a guided projectile is highly affected by the launch dynamics of guided projectile. The engraving process plays a crucial role on determining the ballistic performance and projectile stability. This paper analyzes the dynamic response of a guided projectile during the engraving process. By considering the projectile center of gravity moving during the engraving process, a dynamics model is established with the coupling of interior ballistic equations. The results detail the stress situation of a guided projectile band during its engraving process. Meanwhile, the axial dynamic response of projectile in the several milliseconds following the engraving process is also researched. To further explore how the different performance of the engraving band can affect the dynamics of guided projectile, this paper focuses on these two aspects: (a) the effects caused by the different band geometry; and (b) the effects caused by different band materials. The time domain and frequency domain responses show that the dynamics of the projectile are quite sensitive to the engraving band width. A material with a small modulus of elasticity is more stable than one with a high modulus of elasticity.     

Neural network modeling to evaluate the dynamic flow stress of high strength armor steels under high strain rate compression

An artificial neural network (ANN) constitutive model is developed for high strength armor steel tempered at 500 °C, 600 °C and 650 °C based on high strain rate data generated from split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments. A new neural network configuration consisting of both training and validation is effectively employed to predict flow stress. Tempering temperature, strain rate and strain are considered as inputs, whereas flow stress is taken as output of the neural network. A comparative study on Johnson–Cook (J–C) model and neural network model is performed. It was observed that the developed neural network model could predict flow stress under various strain rates and tempering temperatures. The experimental stress–strain data obtained from high strain rate compression tests using SHPB, over a range of tempering temperatures (500–650 °C), strains (0.05–0.2) and strain rates (1000–5500/s) are employed to formulate J–C model to predict the high strain rate deformation behavior of high strength armor steels. The J-C model and the back-propagation ANN model were developed to predict the high strain rate deformation behavior of high strength armor steel and their predictability is evaluated in terms of correlation coefficient (R) and average absolute relative error (AARE). R and AARE for the J–C model are found to be 0.7461 and 27.624%, respectively, while R and AARE for the ANN model are 0.9995 and 2.58%, respectively. It was observed that the predictions by ANN model are in consistence with the experimental data for all tempering temperatures.     

基于概率图模型的海上多目标跟踪

针对海上复杂环境中多运动目标跟踪问题,提出了一种融合概率图模型和粒子滤波的跟踪方法.该方法采用二元马尔可夫随机场构建多目标模型,利用势函数表示其联合概率分布,最后用变差分法和粒子滤波推理后验概率密度.通过二阶回归模型准确构建状态转移方程,以及Mean-Shift迭代加速粒子采样,提高了算法精确度和运行效率.实验表明:该方法能很好地实现海上复杂环境中的多目标实时跟踪.     

考虑地磁场空间梯度的飞行器磁干扰建模与求解方法

首先,在研究飞行器背景磁干扰模型与小信号模型的基础上,分析了地磁梯度沿纬度与高度的变化规律,分析可知由于飞行器的机动,地磁梯度会对测量结果造成影响;然后,考虑地磁梯度因素,对原有小信号模型求解方法进行了改进：飞行器在四个航向上做小角度的机动飞行,将地磁场沿纬度与高度的梯度作为未知量,与飞行器磁干扰模型中的剩磁参数、感磁参数和涡磁参数一起求解;最后,利用实测试验数据进行了验证,结果表明：考虑地磁梯度的影响与不考虑地磁梯度的影响相比,求解的模型参数可以在细节上进一步提高飞行器背景磁干扰的补偿效果。     

微槽结构单点金刚石飞切加工的切削力建模

超精密单点金刚石飞刀切削技术是一种比较新颖的微槽类结构加工方式。在飞切过程中,切削力是切削过程中重要的物理量,对加工后的表面质量、刀具磨损等有着直接影响。提出了一种基于直角微切削理论的动态微槽类结构飞切的力学模型,基于微切削理论,得到了前、后刀面切削力的理论模型。根据飞切的几何运动特征,建立了飞切过程中剪切角的计算模型,并根据单圈飞切实验得到了飞切过程中剪切面的变化规律。为了验证模型的正确性,采用不同切削参数进行了多圈重叠飞切实验,对切削力进行了测量和分析。实验得到的切削力大小和变化规律与理论模型计算得到的基本一致,证明了该切削力模型的有效性。