Responses of HFR-LWC beams under close-range blast loadings accompanying membrane action

The load-carrying capacities and failure patterns of reinforced concrete components can be significantly changed by membrane effects. However, limited work has been carried out to investigate the blast resistance of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (HFR-LWC) members accompanying membrane action. This paper presents a theoretical approach to quantitatively depicting the membrane behavior and its contribution on the behavior of HFR-LWC beams under close-range blast loadings, and the suitability of the proposed model is validated by a series of field tests. An improved Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) model was employed to describe the dynamic responses of beam-like members under blast loadings accompanying membrane action, where the mass-load coefficient is determined according to the nonuniformly distributed load induced by close-range explosion, and the membrane action is characterized by an in-plane (longitudinal) force and a resisting moment. The elasto-plastic and recovery responses of HFR-LWC beams under the combined action of blast load and membrane force were analyzed by the promoted model. A specially built end-constrain clamp was developed to provide membrane action for the beam member when they are subjected to blast load simultaneously. It is demonstrated that the analytical displacement-time histories are in good agreement with experimental results before peak deflections and that the improved SDOF model is an acceptable tool for predicting the behavior of HFR-LWC beams under blast loadings accompanying membrane action.     

Effect of microstructure on short pulse duration shock initiation of TATB and initial response mechanism

Micro-TATB particles with different sizes and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures with different specific surface areas were prepared through recrystallization to study short pulse duration shock initiation properties by electric gun technology. For micro-TATB, the initiation threshold significantly decreases with TATB average size ranging from 79.7 μm to 0.5 μm. For 3D nanoporous TATB architecture, the initiation threshold decreases and then increases with specific surface areas increased from 9.6 m²/g to 36.2 m²/g. The lowest initiation thresholds are obtained for the micro-TATB with average sizes of 1.3 μm and 0.5 μm, and 3D nanoporous TATB architecture with specific surface area of 22.4 m²/g. The shock initiation thresholds of micro-TATB and 3D nanoporous TATB architectures show significantly decreases with the porosity increased. The decomposition reaction and thermal conductivity properties were further investigated to understand the initial response mechanism. High porosity provides more collapse sites to generate high temperature for formation of hot spots. The low thermal conductivity and decomposition temperature could enhance the formation and ignition of the hot spots, and initial decomposition reaction of TATB. The effect of the decomposition temperature is higher than that of the thermal conductivity on the shock initiation properties. The enhanced decomposition reaction could promote energy release and transfer process from the ignition to the combustion. This work offers a new insight to understand the effects of microstructure on the shock initiation properties and the initial response mechanism of TATB.     

基于非线性扩张状态观测器的直线电机PD控制

为了解决直线电机伺服系统跟踪速度与峰化现象之间的矛盾,设计一种基于非线性扩张状态观测器的比例微分(Proportion Differentiation,PD)控制器。将直线电机伺服系统中的未建模动态和外界干扰定义为总和扰动并扩充为系统新的状态变量,利用非线性扩张状态观测器(Non Linear Extended State Observer,NLESO)估计不可测量的直线电机动子速度以及总和扰动。利用NLESO和跟踪微分器TD的输出,基于动态补偿线性化思想设计了引入补偿量的PD控制器,并给出了闭环控制系统稳定性证明。在Googol公司的实验平台上,通过与两种基于LESO的PD控制器对比,验证了所设计的基于NLESO的PD控制器的可行性。实验结果表明,基于NLESO的PD控制器可使直线电机伺服系统具有跟踪速度快、跟踪精度高、峰化现象小、鲁棒性强的优点。     

空间飞网地面碰撞试验与仿真

设计了空间飞网地面碰撞试验系统,并将碰撞试验结果与有限元仿真结果进行比较分析,对碰撞过程中的碰撞力和绳段内力进行分析。研究表明:试验结果与仿真结果吻合较好,这验证了仿真模型的有效性;飞网碰撞目标后产生的约束张力有利于收拢包裹目标;飞网的柔性特征可有效缓解碰撞效应,但碰撞区域绳段易产生断裂破坏。     

滚动轴承外圈缺陷非线性动力学分析

为揭示故障轴承系统复杂的非线性动力学特征,建立了基于轴承外圈缺陷、接触非线性和间隙非线性的轴承系统非线性动力学微分方程,并采用数值方法对其求解,得到转子系统在不同转速、不同缺陷程度、不同阻尼下的相图、庞加莱图、分岔图等。研究结果表明,转速和缺陷程度是影响轴承系统非线性动力学特性的重要因素,随着转速和缺陷程度的不同,系统会产生周期、拟周期和混沌等多种非线性行为。     

输电塔-线体系在断线作用下的动力响应

架空送电线路设计技术规程给出了断线情况下导地线静态平衡后的张力系数,该系数没有考虑塔-线体系的动态冲击效应。以晋东南-南阳-荆门1000kV输电线路沿山头汉江大跨越工程为参考,利用两基三线模型分析了断线工况下大跨越输电塔的动力响应。数值模拟分析表明,断线荷载对输电塔的冲击作用显著,应力放大系数γ达到1．42—1．94。该结论可以为输电线路相关规范的制定提供参考,也为类似塔-线结构体系的动力计算提供借鉴。     

地铁火灾应急预案的制定

介绍地铁火灾发生时的几个主要的特点以及其巨大的危害性,引出了地铁火灾应急预案制定模式的重要性。通过对已有的资料进行研究、分析,同时结合实际,对地铁火灾应急预案制定时所包含的主要内容进行了科学的完善,得出了一个完整的预案制定模式。     

基于状态观测器的混沌系统鲁棒同步设计

研究了在有界干扰情况下一类非线性反馈混沌系统的鲁棒同步状态观测器设计问题。基于Sylvester矩阵方程的参数化解,将非线性反馈混沌系统的鲁棒同步状态观测器设计问题转化为带有约束条件的优化问题,通过解决该优化问题得到鲁棒同步状态观测器的增益矩阵,从而达到了干扰信号解耦目的。数值算例及其仿真结果表明:该非线性反馈混沌系统的鲁棒同步状态观测器的设计方法是简单有效的。     

一类具Holling-Ⅲ类功能性反应的食物有限捕食-被捕食模型的极限环

研究一类具Holling-Ⅲ类功能性反应的食物有限捕食-被捕食模型的动力学性态。应用微分方程定性理论,证明当正平衡点不稳定时该模型存在唯一稳定的极限环。     

Dynamic evacuation routes for personnel on a naval ship

We propose a dynamic escape route system for emergency evacuation of a naval ship. The system employs signals that adapt to the causative contingency and the crew's physical distribution about the ship. A mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model, with underlying network structure, optimizes the evacuation process. The network's nodes represent compartments, closures (e.g., doors and hatches) and intersections, while arcs represent various types of passageways. The objective function integrates two potentially conflicting factors: average evacuation time and the watertight and airtight integrity of the ship after evacuation. A heuristic solves the model approximately using a sequence of mixed‐integer linear approximating problems. Using data for a Spanish frigate, with standard static routes specified by the ship's designers, computational tests show that the dynamic system can reduce average evacuation times, nearly 23%, and can improve a combined measure of ship integrity by up to 50%. In addition, plausible design changes to the frigate yield further, substantial improvements. Published 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2008