栅格地理数据并行格式转换引擎

如今大规模地理数据正在社会各个部门和组织中迅速积累,但是由于部门利益和历史沿袭等原因,大规模地理数据共享仍然极具挑战,相应共享技术需求仍然极其旺盛。作为地理数据共享的基础方式之一,传统单机地理数据格式转换技术,一方面受限于磁盘读写及带宽瓶颈,另一方面面对日趋庞大的数据规模,已很难满足实际应用需求。因此提出一种针对栅格地理数据的并行格式转换引擎,采用高性能计算集群环境支持大规模栅格地理数据转换共享,大幅降低了大规模栅格地理数据转换过程的时间成本。栅格地理数据并行格式转换引擎采用基于公共接口的设计理念,框架灵活、具有良好的扩展性,支持地理数据格式的读写自定义以及新数据格式添加,能够实现接入数据格式间的任意两两转换。为验证引擎框架及其处理效率,在Lustre并行集群环境下以格网数据交换格式(国家地理空间数据交换格式)向常见栅格地理格式的转换为示例进行了测试实验。结果表明,栅格地理数据并行格式转换引擎能够在8个节点Lustre集群中达到7.54的良好并行加速比。     

基于门限的无线传感器网络密钥管理方案

由于无线传感器网络在能量消耗、内存开销和计算能力等方面的局限性,传统的网络密钥管理方法已不适用。为此提出了一种适用于无线传感器网络的密钥预分配方法——基于（t,n）-门限方案,给出了密钥分配方法,并从方案的连通性、安全性等方面进行了有效的分析,结果表明该算法在这些方面有一定的优势。     

不确定多属性决策的单目标优化方法研究

运用神经网络的非线性映射和遗传算法的寻优特性,建立了不确定多属性决策的单目标优化模型。把属性值区间作为遗传算法染色体的搜索范围,用训练好的神经网络计算适应度。用不同的适应度函数来计算综合属性值区间数的下界和上界,然后对方案进行排序。算例结果表明,该方法是可行的。     

无源RFID系统中推断式二进制搜索算法

在现有的RFID标准中,一般标签ID都由几个不同含义区间组成。针对这种特点,提出推断式二进制防碰撞算法：在识别每个区间段的ID时,利用某个特定读写器中的前缀库推断该区间段各个位的取值,以便减少待识别标签ID的位数。同时,通过调整参数u,可以对系统可靠性进行控制。仿真实验表明,在没有新前缀出现的情况下,推断式二进制防碰撞算法能够将QT算法的识别速度提高3倍、标签平均响应次数降低3／4。     

Rational Rose在HLA联邦开发中的应用

作为“建模与仿真”(M&S)的高层体系结构 ,HLA能带给用户的好处将是巨大的。HLA联邦开发与运行过程 (FEDEP)的自动化是促进HLA应用的关键。文中研究了将功能强大的CASE工具RationalRose用于支持FEDEP自动化的可行性 ,指出了应用中应特别注意的问题 ,重点说明了应用中的关键技术 ,并给出一应用实例     

基于SAT的电路错误定位方法研究进展

随着VLSI芯片复杂度不断增加,功能验证与调试已占到整个芯片设计周期的60%以上。而错误的定位往往消耗大量的时间与精力,因此迫切需要一种高效的方法诊断与定位电路中的错误。针对近年来出现的许多电路错误定位方法,介绍了电路错误诊断方法的分类与工作流程,深入分析了基于SAT的错误定位方法的基本原理;对各种算法进行了概述评论,并简要介绍了在不可满足子式求解方面所做的一些研究工作,而不可满足子式能够显著提高错误定位效率与精度;讨论了电路错误定位技术所面临的主要挑战,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

基于任务和角色的分布式工作流安全模型

针对现有基于角色访问控制的缺陷和分布式工作流管理系统的特性,在传统的基于角色的访问控制模型中引入任务集(Tasks)、任务实例集(TaskInstances)和任务上下文(TaskContext)的概念,将传统的user role permission权限赋予结构修改为user role task permission权限赋予结构,建立了基于任务和角色的访问控制模型,给出了其形式化定义。该模型解决了传统的基于角色访问控制中的动态适应性差和最小权限约束假象的问题,用于分布式工作流管理系统,提高了安全性、实用性。     

Disruption management in production planning

We study the problem of recovering a production plan after a disruption, where the disruption may be caused by incidents such as power failure, market change, machine breakdown, supply shortage, worker no‐show, and others. The new recovery plan we seek after has to not only suit the changed environment brought about by the disruption, but also be close to the initial plan so as not to cause too much customer unsatisfaction or inconvenience for current‐stage and downstream operations. For the general‐cost case, we propose a dynamic programming method for the problem. For the convex‐cost case, a general problem which involves both cost and demand disruptions can be solved by considering the cost disruption first and then the demand disruption. We find that a pure demand disruption is easy to handle; and for a pure cost disruption, we propose a greedy method which is provably efficient. Our computational studies also reveal insights that will be helpful to managing disruptions in production planning. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

Partial equilibrium in risk‐based production decisions

Characteristically, a small subset of operational problems admit risk neutrality when contingent claims methodology were used in their analysis. That is, for the majority of manufacturing and production problems, operating cash flows are not directly linked to prices of traded assets. However, to the extent that correlations can be estimated, the methodology's applicability to a broader set of operational problems is supported. Our article addresses this issue with the objective of extending the use of contingent claims techniques to a larger set of operational problems. In broad terms, this objective entails a partial equilibrium approach to the problem of valuing uncertain cash flows. To this end, we assume risk aversion and cast our approach within Merton's intertemporal capital asset pricing model. In this context, we formulate a “generic” production valuation model that is framed as an exercise in stochastic optimal control. The model is versatile in its characterization and can easily be adapted to accommodate a wide‐ranging set of risk‐based operational problems where the underlying sources of uncertainty are not traded. To obtain results, the model is recast as a stochastic dynamic program to be solved numerically. The article addresses a number of fundamental issues in the analysis risk based decision problems in operations. First, in the approach provided, decisions are analyzed under a properly defined risk structure. Second, the process of analysis leads to suitably adjusted probability distributions through which, appropriately discounted expectations are derived. Third, through consolidating existing concepts into a standard and adaptable framework, we extend the applicability of contingent claims methodology to a broader set of operational problems. The approach is advantageous as it obviates the need for exogenously specifying utility functions or discount rates.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

Optimal inventory control policy for periodic‐review inventory systems with inventory‐level‐dependent demand

We consider a setting in which inventory plays both promotional and service roles; that is, higher inventories not only improve service levels but also stimulate demand by serving as a promotional tool (e.g., as the result of advertising effect by the enhanced product visibility). Specifically, we study the periodic‐review inventory systems in which the demand in each period is uncertain but increases with the inventory level. We investigate the multiperiod model with normal and expediting orders in each period, that is, any shortage will be met through emergency replenishment. Such a model takes the lost sales model as a special case. For the cases without and with fixed order costs, the optimal inventory replenishment policy is shown to be of the base‐stock type and of the (s,S) type, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012