宽严相济刑事政策及其所折射出的中国刑事政策走向

宽严相济刑事政策是我国当前控制犯罪的基本刑事政策。在宽严相济政策的基础上,我国刑事政策将会进一步体现中国传统文化,更好地尊重与保护公民的基本人权,进一步影响刑事立法、司法活动,进一步体现刑事司法活动的预防、教育功能。     

谈奥巴马时代美国的联合国政策

奥巴马对联合国政策的调整,反映出奥巴马政府全球外交和安全战略的需要,体现了实用主义外交风格。较之于其前任,奥巴马将更加重视联合国维和行动,并让联合国更多地参与解决包括伊拉克和阿富汗在内的热点问题。奥巴马的联合国政策面临挑战,联合国仅仅是奥巴马实现美国国家利益的手段之一。     

Technical note: Reexamination of all‐or‐none inspection policies in a supply chain with endogenous product quality

This note studies the optimal inspection policies in a supply chain in which a manufacturer purchases components from a supplier but has no direct control of component quality. The manufacturer uses an inspection policy and a damage cost sharing contract to encourage the supplier to improve the component quality. We find that all‐or‐none inspection policies are optimal for the manufacturer if the supplier's share of the damage cost is larger than a threshold; otherwise, the manufacturer should inspect a fraction of a batch. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

An optimal critical level policy for inventory systems with two demand classes

Traditional inventory systems treat all demands of a given item equally. This approach is optimal if the penalty costs of all customers are the same, but it is not optimal if the penalty costs are different for different customer classes. Then, demands of customers with high penalty costs must be filled before demands of customers with low penalty costs. A commonly used inventory policy for dealing with demands with different penalty costs is the critical level inventory policy. Under this policy demands with low penalty costs are filled as long as inventory is above a certain critical level. If the inventory reaches the critical level, only demands with high penalty costs are filled and demands with low penalty costs are backordered. In this article, we consider a critical level policy for a periodic review inventory system with two demand classes. Because traditional approaches cannot be used to find the optimal parameters of the policy, we use a multidimensional Markov chain to model the inventory system. We use a sample path approach to prove several properties of this inventory system. Although the cost function is not convex, we can build on these properties to develop an optimization approach that finds the optimal solution. We also present some numerical results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

现、退役军人（武警）涉税政策与税收筹划

中国人民武装警察部队现、退役人员及随军家属创业、就业的各项税收制度和减免税政策,是国家拥军制度的组成部分和重要体现。落实好这些政策,对于凝聚人心、鼓舞士气、保持意志,更好地完成使命具有重要意义。     

论国际贸易中转基因食品的标识政策

近年来,各种食源性公共卫生危机引发了社会公众对转基因食品安全性的关注。转基因食品的生产方与消费方对转基因食品的安全性各执一词,尚未有足够的科学证据证明转基因食品的安全性或危险性。转基因食品的标识政策应运而生,一方面允许转基因食品的商品化,另一方面要求转基因食品明确标识,以保障消费者的知情权与选择权。研究当前主要标识管理政策,分析我国的转基因食品标识政策具有重要的现实意义。     

潜艇水声对抗及水声对抗器材的应用

依据装备的发展,在论述潜艇水声对抗的地位和战术特点的基础上,从水声对抗器材作用原理的角度,把目前国内外水声对抗器材归为噪声干扰、气幕屏蔽、声学诱骗三种类型。通过剖析这些水声对抗器材的对抗机理,深入分析了它们适宜的应用时机和可能实现的战术目的。进而,提出了各类水声对抗器材在使用时机方面对潜艇作战效果所具有的两面性,以及潜艇使用水声对抗器材后自身的机动策略是达成其战术目的的重要环节。     

SIP协议安全威胁分析

众所周知,Vo IP技术在未来语音通信中所占的比重越来越大。随着Vo IP的不断发展,基于SIP协议的Vo IP应用也不断增多。但是,由于SIP协议高度依赖于开放的IP网络,使得其安全性逐渐成为关注和探讨的焦点。主要分析了SIP协议网络面临的一些安全威胁,包括典型的外部攻击技术和协议自身存在的漏洞等。探讨了为应对SIP安全威胁提出的加密、认证等安全策略并且分析了这些安全策略的优缺点,提出了针对SIP安全策略进一步改进的方向,旨在不断提高和完善基于SIP协议的安全性能。     

Doubly Stochastic Sequential Assignment Problem

This article introduces the Doubly Stochastic Sequential Assignment Problem (DSSAP), an extension of the Sequential Stochastic Assignment Problem (SSAP), where sequentially arriving tasks are assigned to workers with random success rates. A given number of tasks arrive sequentially, each with a random value coming from a known distribution. On a task arrival, it must be assigned to one of the available workers, each with a random success rate coming from a known distribution. Optimal assignment policies are proposed for DSSAP under various assumptions on the random success rates. The optimal assignment algorithm for the general case of DSSAP, where workers have distinct success rate distribution, has an exponential running time. An approximation algorithm that achieves a fraction of the maximum total expected reward in a polynomial time is proposed. The results are illustrated by several numerical experiments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 124–137, 2016     

Transforming the Spanish military

The article analyses the Spanish military transformation. This process started in 2004 as a means to adapt the force structure, organization and capabilities of the Spanish military to meet present and future threats in compliance with NATO’s initiatives, thus ensuring the continuity of the equipment modernization, professionalization and the adjustment of the country’s defence architecture to the post-cold war environment. A decade later, although transformation is still a priority for the Ministry of Defence, limited political will, a lack of strategic guidance, poor resource management and the effects of the economic crisis are compromising its development. This article describes the Spanish military transformation and assesses its value in adapting the country’s armed forces to the current and prospective security environment.