Equity in genetic newborn screening

State‐level newborn screening allows for early treatment of genetic disorders, which can substantially improve health outcomes for newborns. As the cost of genetic testing decreases, it is becoming an essential part of newborn screening. A genetic disorder can be caused by many mutation variants; therefore, an important decision is to determine which variants to search for (ie, the panel design), under a testing budget. The frequency of variants that cause a disorder and the incidence of the disorder vary by racial/ethnic group. Consequently, it is important to consider equity issues in panel design, so as to reduce disparities among different groups. We study the panel design problem using cystic fibrosis (CF) as a model disorder, considering the trade‐offs between equity and accuracy, under a limited budget. Most states use a genetic test in their CF screening protocol, but panel designs vary, and, due to cost, no state's panel includes all CF‐causing variants. We develop models that design equitable genetic testing panels, and compare them with panels that maximize sensitivity in the general population. Our case study, based on realistic CF data, highlights the value of equitable panels and provides important insight for newborn screening practices.     

爆炸复合接头剪切强度测试方法研究

参照正交各向异性层压复合板层间剪切强度的测试方法,提出了用于测试爆炸复合接头复合界面剪切强度的3种方法;并建立三维有限元模型,分别对3种测试方法进行模拟;最后分别对3种方法进行了测试试验.结果表明,3种试验方法均能有效测试爆炸复合接头的剪切强度,其中对称试件双切口拉伸法最适合实际应用.     

同步电机参数在线小扰动辨识技术研究

针对目前同步电机参数辨识方法存在的对输入扰动信号要求严、不能计及非线性因素等缺陷,对同步电机参数在线小扰动辨识技术进行了研究.构建了同步电机参数在线采集系统,建立了同步电机的恰当电路模型和状态方程,采用最大似然估计法在轻载和低励磁状态下辨识电机的线性参数,然后在磁路饱和状态下对饱和参数进行辨识修正,最后在大扰动的情况下,对参数和模型进行检验、修正.仿真计算结果与实测数据吻合较好,证明了文中所提出的同步电机参数辨识技术的有效性.     

基于假设检验的编队组织决策设计

从集中式和分散式组织结构分析出发,采用假设检验的方法,探讨了分布式结构假设检验在海军舰艇编队环境评估中的组织决策设计,并从决策设计和算法上对其进行了复杂性分析.研究结果表明,基于假设检验的组织决策是一个NP问题,就存在的问题提出算法和组织设计研究的思路.     

军用软件的测试与实践方法

首先分析了民用软件存在的问题,然后结合军用软件的特点,对影响军用软件可靠性的因素进行分析,最后提出提高军用软件质量的几种测试与实践方法.     

卫星地面站自动测试软件的“三化”设计

应用MVC设计模式,采用PIM应用架构,通过动态链接库和构件技术,对卫星地面站自动测试软件进行了通用化、系列化和组合化设计。     

Comparison between constant‐stress and step‐stress accelerated life tests under Time Constraint

By running life tests at higher stress levels than normal operating conditions, accelerated life testing (ALT) quickly yields information on the lifetime distribution of a test unit. The lifetime at the design stress is then estimated through extrapolation using a regression model. In constant‐stress testing, a unit is tested at a fixed stress level until failure or the termination time point of test, whereas step‐stress testing allows the experimenter to gradually increase the stress levels at some prefixed time points during the test. In this work, the optimal k‐level constant‐stress and step‐stress ALTs are compared for the exponential failure data under complete sampling and Type‐I censoring. The objective is to quantify the advantage of using the step‐stress testing relative to the constant‐stress one. Assuming a log‐linear life–stress relationship with the cumulative exposure model for the effect of changing stress in step‐stress testing, the optimal design points are determined under C/D/A‐optimality criteria. The efficiency of step‐stress testing to constant‐stress one is then discussed in terms of the ratio of optimal objective functions based on the information matrix. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 00: 000–000, 2013     

弹丸速度的数字化激光幕测试技术

针对传统弹丸速度测量方法的局限,提出一种新的弹丸速度测试技术——数字化激光幕结合互相关速度测量算法的测试技术,并给出了激光总体测速方案、测速原理以及互相关测速方法,经靶场试验验证测试效果良好。     

基于自适应遗传算法的LS—SVM漏磁缺陷重构

提出基于自适应遗传算法的最小二乘支持向量机算法（AGA-LS-SVM）的新方法,用于二维缺陷重构,建立由缺陷的漏磁信号到缺陷二维轮廓的映射关系。该方法实现人工裂纹缺陷的二维轮廓的重构,试验结果表明,该方法具有速度快、精度高和很好的泛化能力,为漏磁检测定量化提供了一种可行的方法。     

定时截尾与序贯截尾可靠性试验方案分析比较

在生产方、使用方风险及MTBF值同等条件下,对定时截尾与序贯截尾2种试验方案的优缺点、基本原理和方法等进行了对比分析。定时截尾试验能够在事先确定最大累计工作时间及所消耗资源,但所需时间较长,试验成本较高,可应用于武器装备可靠性鉴定和验收试验;序贯截尾试验事先对试验总时间及试验所需用资源无法确定,只能根据事先拟定的接收、拒收条件结束试验,无法估计MTBF的真值,但是所需试验时间较短,费用相对较低,可用于武器装备可靠性验收试验,也可广泛运用于医学及其它科学试验领域。提出了选择可靠性试验方案的基本原则,为科学选择试验方案提供了依据。