Defense Burden and the Effect of Democracy: Evidence from a Spatial Panel Analysis

ABSTRACT

Do democracies spend less on national defense? This paper provides new evidence of the effect of democracy on defense burden based on a Spatial Durbin Model with panel data for 98 countries for the years 1992–2008. While democracy measured by means of an index variable covering the entire range from perfect democracy to perfect autocracy turns out to be insignificant, dummy variables indicating transition to higher levels of democracy reveal a statistically highly significant negative effect of democracy on a country’s defense burden. Allowing for country-specific effects reveals heterogeneity in the effect of democracy across countries. Apart from the effect of democracy, the estimation results indicate strong spatial dependence of military burdens across countries. Moreover, they provide statistical evidence for a peace dividend, for substitution effects in defense spending and for a negative effect on the military burden for countries when they exhibit a trade surplus instead of a trade deficit.     

气缸张开式尾翼弹气缸压力数值仿真研究

为研究气缸张开式尾翼工作原理,分析某型滑膛反坦克炮榴弹气缸充放气过程,建立尾翼弹在炮膛内的气缸压力模型,将其与炮弹底部气体压力、密度、温度等参量的变化规律相耦合,并对气缸压力模型进行可解性分析,得到一种求解气缸气体压力、密度等参数随时间变化的数值方法．     

纯方位交叉定位算法分析

摘要：针对纯方位交叉定位中存在着地球曲率对定位精度影响的问题本文提出了基于正北方向修正和椭球模型两种定位算法。通过与传统的交叉定位算法比较,可以看出这两种算法具有较好的定位精度。在理论上分析了测量误差和观测站位置误差对定位精度产生的影响,给出了几何精度因子（GDOP）的理论推导和仿真结果。     

基于3DS的ISAR二维散射点模型仿真

当前,对ISAR成像和目标识别的研究很多,但用于ISAR成像和目标识别的目标模型大都相对简单.建立一种新的ISAR二维散射点模型,生成目标各种姿态的二维散射点数据库.首先选用3DS为散射点生成模型,以此为基础完成模型简化和信息抽取.然后根据目标姿态变化,计算转换坐标,并以F16战斗机为例生成二维散射点图像.最后采用步进频雷达信号对目标散射点模型进行ISAR成像.所建立的目标二维散射点模型可以用于ISAR成像和目标识别研究.     

改进型JDL模型在武警部队院校信息化建设中的构建

在武警部队院校的网络信息化水平迅速发展的今天,由于各功能模块缺少统一的接口规范和能够协调各部门信息共享的机制,使得建成的各个功能模块之间无法共享信息,造成了数据库中信息的大量冗余和重复。结合数据融合技术的基本原理、发展现状和应用前景,对数据融合技术进行了介绍;针对武警院校信息融合的需求,提出了改进型JDL模型,分析了武警院校信息融合网络的服务架构层次,对信息融合网络中的核心问题信息共享、接口规范、数据融合进行了研究;利用模块化设计的思路,对原型系统进行了分析,对实验数据进行了重组,并提出了数据优化方案。     

基于NFxPEM算法的调制气流声源的非线性补偿

针对调制气流声源存在较强的谐波畸变,将声源系统等效为Hammerstein非线性模型,利用该模型下的预失真技术对声源进行非线性补偿研究。根据辨识的Hammerstein模型中静态非线性部分带有直流分量的特点,给出了考虑直流分量补偿的预失真算法,并用数值仿真验证了算法的准确性和直流分量补偿的必要性。在非线性补偿实验中,根据单频信号辨识得到Hammerstein模型参数,采用NFxPEM算法求得对应的预失真Wiener模型参数和预失真波形。实验结果表明, 与直接发射相比,补偿发射后声波的功率谱中谐波能量有所下降,而基频能量有小幅度的上升,说明了研究思路的正确性。     

基于方位特征序列的地雷鉴别算法

在使用低频超宽带合成孔径雷达(UWB-SAR)对地雷进行探测的过程中,根据目标电磁散射随方位角和入射角的变化特性,提出一种利用双峰间距和频率凹点特征沿方位向变化的隐马尔科夫模型(HMM)鉴别算法。该算法首先针对目标感兴趣区域(ROI)图像估计其各方位回波响应,然后利用时频原子提取时域双峰间距和频率凹点,进而得到随方位角变化的特征序列,再通过SAR工作时方位角和入射角的变化特点以及训练样本确定HMM参数,并在此基础上计算疑似目标新的特征矢量,采用马氏距离进行判别。实验结果表明了本文所提方法在目标鉴别方面的有效性。     

3D laser scanning strategy based on cascaded deep neural network

A 3D laser scanning strategy based on cascaded deep neural network is proposed for the scanning system converted from 2D Lidar with a pitching motion device. The strategy is aimed at moving target detection and monitoring. Combining the device characteristics, the strategy first proposes a cascaded deep neural network, which inputs 2D point cloud, color image and pitching angle. The outputs are target distance and speed classification. And the cross-entropy loss function of network is modified by using focal loss and uniform distribution to improve the recognition accuracy. Then a pitching range and speed model are proposed to determine pitching motion parameters. Finally, the adaptive scanning is realized by integral separate speed PID. The experimental results show that the accuracies of the improved network target detection box, distance and speed classification are 90.17%, 96.87% and 96.97%, respectively. The average speed error of the improved PID is 0.4239°/s, and the average strategy execution time is 0.1521 s. The range and speed model can effectively reduce the collection of useless information and the deformation of the target point cloud. Conclusively, the experimental of overall scanning strategy show that it can improve target point cloud integrity and density while ensuring the capture of target.     

瞬态高强加热条件下含湿多孔介质传热传质模型研究

提出了瞬态高强加热下含湿多孔介质传热传质的新模型,模型包括的水分种类齐全、水分迁移机制全面,假设条件相对较少,考虑了非Fourier传热效应和非Fick传质效应。新模型通过具体的分区分析得到简化并更加实用。     

开尔文模型粘弹性Timoshenko梁的动力分析与应用

基于Kelvin模型张量形式本构关系导出粘弹性Timoshenko梁自由振动微分方程组,给出两端简支粘弹性梁的固有频率解析解。对粘弹性梁的振动特性进行了分析和比较。以此计算材料开尔文模型粘弹性阻尼系数,结果表明,该方法准确可靠。