Mimetic and normative isomorphism in the establishment and maintenance of independent air forces

Why do countries have air forces? Organizational alternatives, such as maintaining separate air arms for the army and navy, have become quite rare. The conventional narrative advanced by advocates of independent air forces stress that the primacy of airpower in modern warfare mandates centralized control of most military aviation. In this view, political–military uncertainty has driven mimetic isomorphism – pressure on national governments to organize as others organize so as to fight or deter war just as effectively. However, working from a set of 56 countries that were politically independent within a few years of the establishment of the first ever independent air force (the Royal Air Force) in 1918, and continuing through nearly the present, there is no clear pattern of external military pressure prompting this particular reorganization. Rather, from anecdotal evidence, the cause has more likely been normative isomorphism – a professional craving to look as others look to foster political or personal legitimacy. For whatever reason, though, choices of structures tend to lead to specific choices of policies. Thus, the result suggests that defense ministries looking for more effective or less costly organizational schemas may reasonably consider alternatives to the tripartite army–navy–air force structure.     

舰艇编队作战指挥训练模拟系统组织架构与运行技术

在对舰艇编队作战指挥训练需求分析和训练组织方法梳理的基础上,建立了舰艇编队作战指挥训练模拟系统的系统架构,提出了多层次导调控制技术、一致性训练态势生成分发技术、可扩展训练评估技术,并将其应用于某型编队作战指挥训练模拟系统中,初步验证了该项舰艇编队作战指挥训练模拟系统组织架构与运行技术的可行性。     

舰空导弹超视距协同反导装备体系结构设计方法

以网络化舰空导弹超视距协同反导作战装备发展需求为牵引,基于 DoDAF （ Department of Defense Architecture Framework）1?5体系结构框架,利用体系结构设计软件SA（ System Architect）,对协同反导作战装备体系结构进行了初步探索性和概念性设计,提出了体系结构框架裁减、作战视图设计、系统视图设计和体系结构评估等方法,对实现整个装备体系互连、互通、互操作,以及避免重复建设具有重要指导意义。     

基于服务网格工作流技术的联合作战实验平台

为实现全军作战实验资源共享和跨军种的协同实验,提出了一种基于服务网格和网格工作流技术的联合作战实验平台构建方法.一方面利用服务网格技术实现分布、动态、异构实验资源的有效集成和共享,加强实验平台的通用性、灵活性和重用性;另一方面,在平台建设中引入面向服务网格的工作流技术,使得能够在动态变化的环境中,根据实验需求优化实验作业逻辑和执行过程,选择、配置和调度相应的实验资源完成指定的任务,实现跨军种的资源共享和协同实验.     

远程机动岸导与海上编队战术协同研究

远程机动岸导与海上编队合同突击是打击敌水面舰艇编队的有效兵力组合.首先,通过对远程机动岸导对海攻击态势的分析,给出了远程机动岸导两种攻击方式;然后建立了不同攻击方式下海上编队的安全方向分析模型和安全距离分析模型,确定出了海上编队的安全空间;对远程机动岸导与海上编队协同模式进行了探讨,指出互动式协同模式应是其采用的主要协同模式.     

OODA-L模式下的智能无人集群作战仿真建模框架

介绍了智能无人集群作战的相关概念,为反映智能无人仿真实体的自主能力和适应能力,提出将学习过程显性化的观察-判断-决策-行动-学习(Observe,Orient,Decide,Act and Learning,OODA-L)模式,并进一步扩展为适用于集群协同的Co-OODA-L模式.在智能无人仿真实体的总体描述上,采用马...     

基于区间数TOPSIS法优选空军战役作战计划

针对战役作战计划优选中的不确定性,运用区间分析和TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)法探索空军战役作战计划优选问题.通过引进区间数乘法运算,将区间数多指标决策问题转变为指标为区间数的多指标决策问题,进而给出区间数多指标决策问题的TOPSIS法,对空军战役作战计划进行排序选优.与传统方法相比较,该方法较好地解决了评价指标为不确定值时的多指标决策问题.     

A heuristic for maximizing the number of on‐time jobs on two uniform parallel machines

We consider the problem of maximizing the number of on‐time jobs on two uniform parallel machines. We show that a straightforward extension of an algorithm developed for the simpler two identical parallel machines problem yields a heuristic with a worst‐case ratio bound of at least . We then show that the infusion of a “look ahead” feature into the aforementioned algorithm results in a heuristic with the tight worst‐case ratio bound of , which, to our knowledge, is the tightest worst‐case ratio bound available for the problem. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

目标选择优化模型及算法

提出了可用于大威力武器火力分配的目标选择优化模型及算法。内容包括：问题的数学描述、问题的等价变换与分解、问题求解的动态规划算法和不同算法的计算次数比较。     

野战防空作战系统的仿真策略

在分析野战防空作战系统特点的基础上,讨论该系统的仿真策略,提出了主动实体交替扫描的仿真策略,并给出了非形式化的描述。该方法体现了事件调度法和活动扫描法的优点,使之更适合于仿真带有对抗性离散事件系统,因此,对其它作战系统,尤其是战术C~3I 系统的仿真,也是适用的。