Market entry strategy in the presence of market spillovers and efficiency differentiation

Firms form various alliances or use brand extensions to enter new markets in order to improve their operational efficiency and create a positive spillover. However, they do not always know the implications of these strategies for market entry and multimarket competition because the sale of products in one market can have negative spillover effects on product sales in other markets. We present an analytical framework to examine whether and how (i.e., by choosing alliance entry or independent entry) competing firms should enter a market in a situation where market spillovers occur when a firm enters a spillover-producing market to sell products that may increase or decrease the consumers' willingness to pay for products in the primary market. Our analysis shows that the operational efficiency (or quality differentiation ability) of firms in a spillover-producing market varies, and hence, the impact of market spillovers differs for firms. We identify the key factors, such as bargaining power, brand value difference in the primary market, and the extent of efficiencies and spillovers, that determine the firms benefitting from the different entry strategies. Specifically, we show that firms would be more willing to choose an alliance strategy to enter a spillover-producing market if the negative spillover is small and alliance efficiency is high. In contrast, if an alliance entry is not favored, the firms' relative operational efficiency is crucial for them to decide whether to enter the market independently under moderate spillover conditions. Finally, we show the implications of market entry strategies for managers.     

Command and Control of India's Nuclear Forces

The Indian government has not made a public comment about the status of its nuclear weapon program since approving a nuclear doctrine in 2003. However, there is now enough information in the public domain to determine that the command-and-control system for the nuclear program has steadily matured in accordance with the intent of the approved nuclear doctrine. The Indian government has successfully mitigated many of the issues that plague the conventional military. The result is a basic command-and-control system that is focused only on the delivery, if ordered by the prime minister, of nuclear weapons. The system is not as robust as those of the United States and Russia, but is in place and ready as new Indian nuclear weapons enter into operation. The command-and-control system is developing to meet India's needs and political compulsions, but not necessarily as part of a more assertive nuclear policy.     

无人水下反潜作战平台指挥控制研究

无人反潜平台的指挥控制问题是关系其作战能力的核心问题之一,它一般包含平台行为控制、自主行为决策控制和支援平台干预控制三个部分。本文探讨了无人反潜平台指挥控制的工作原理,对影响无人反潜平台未来发展方向的指挥控制方面的几个关键问题进行了分析,并指出了今后研究的重点。     

新型陆军部队作战能力综合实验支持系统设计?

利用综合实验方法对新型陆军部队作战能力进行分析评估是新型陆军部队建设发展的客观需要,其综合实验的成功运用必须得到相应系统的支持。针对支持系统所需具备的功能,设计支持系统的总体结构及主要功能模块,详细分析各功能模块间的信息流程和支持系统的应用过程,为支持系统的具体构建提供指导。     

中段反导指挥控制能力生成机理及构成分析

提出了中段反导指挥控制能力生成的要素基础建设机理、要素集成聚优机理和要素联动涌效机理,构建了中段反导指挥控制能力总体构成框架,并对作战能力具体构成进行了分析,可为反导指挥控制系统建设及作战效能评估提供借鉴。     

基于HLA的地空导弹指控模型仿真

基于HLA标准开发仿真系统已成为分布式仿真系统实施的一个热点。对基于HLA标准的地空导弹指控模型仿真进行了探讨,并分析了给出的HLA模型。此种方法可有效地提高系统的开放性、重用性和可扩展性,为地空导弹武器系统仿真提供了新手段,对于其它武器系统的建模与仿真也具有参考价值。     

潜艇打击水面舰艇的作战方案效能评估ADC法

作战方案评估是指挥决策过程中关键的一步。首先从作战效能的角度建立潜艇打击水面舰艇作战方案效能指标体系,该指标体系充分体现现代作战的动态性和对抗性,并建立影响作战方案效能指标的数学模型,其次运用武器系统评估的ADC法对作战方案效能进行评估,使作战方案的评估更加简便、快捷。最后利用MATLAB编程实现作战方案的评估优选过程。     

潜艇指控系统微诊断软件模拟方法及实现

对某型潜艇指控系统微诊断模块硬件电路进行了充分研究,以此为基础,全面深入地分析了其指令结构、类型和程序结构流程。在分析理解其系统指令位信息和指令类型的前提下,利用W indow s操作系统,采用面向对象编程技术,将整个诊断过程用高级语言进行仿真模拟,并对仿真的正确性进行了实物对照和半实物测试验证。通过对微诊断软件模块进行的计算机模拟,更容易验证理论分析的正确性,对指控系统微诊断系统的设计有很大的帮助和借鉴。     

基于GIS的战术级地面防空群指控系统

结合战术级地面防空群指挥控制系统的需求背景,提出了基于GIS软件平台指挥控制系统设计方案。该方案可以充分实现地理信息指控决策的有效结合,在旅级指控系统中已获得成功应用。可大大提高参谋与指挥人员制定作战方案能力和效率,实现对瞬间战情作出动态响应,有效掌握战场的主动权。     

层次分析法在舰船作战能力分析中应用

舰载武器系统作战能力评估与分析是海军现代化建设研究领域的一个重要课题,通过对不同武器配置的作战能力的评估与分析可以检验武器配置是否优化合理,研究的着眼点就是探索能够最真实检验一种武器配置方案是否能够最大限度地满足作战能力的评估的各项指标。文中采用层次分析理论（ＡｎｅｌｙｔｉｃＨｉｅｒａｎｄｙＰｒｏｃｅｓｓ）,简称ＡＨＰ方法,引进科学评估方法,所有基本指数由专家确定,并对专家的判断进行一致性检验和最小偏差处理,理论与经验相结合,使最终的指数最大限度地符合现实,其评价体系是直观的,易被军事人员接受。