基于非线性最优反馈控制的远程拦截闭环制导

利用非线性最优反馈控制和伪谱轨迹快速重构技术,设计了一种有限推力空间远程拦截自适应闭环制导方法。首先建立了有限推力远程拦截最优制导问题模型,并给出了适用于该问题的非线性最优反馈控制求解原理。然后,将空间变轨动力学模型特点和伪谱法相结合,设计了基于状态量缩减的计算效率改进策略以提高轨迹优化的实时性。基于改进伪谱法进行连续轨迹快速重构,利用开环最优解形成闭环反馈,从而保证制导指令的实时更新,并通过引入控制逻辑对制导算法进行改进。时间最短远程拦截仿真表明,该闭环制导方法在保证任务指标最优性的同时,可以有效抑制J2摄动和计算误差的影响,具有较高的制导精度、自适应性和鲁棒性。     

The Serbian defence institution: the need for clear policy guidance to improve the Serbian defence planning,management, and command processes

ABSTRACT

The uncritical layering of western liberal defence governance norms and concepts on top of existing legacy concepts has impeded achieving coherent military capabilities and capacities when Serbia’s political and military leadership tried to reform the defence system using Western benchmarking principles and Western countries’ best practices. The process of this change has been more valuable than its actual output, as defined by increased capabilities. Such outcomes should be reflective of policy guidance, and can be thought of as closing the trinity loop of a defence planning system: plans, money and execution. This article addresses two key functional areas of the Serbian defence institution. First, it assesses the current state of defence planning to discern its strengths and weaknesses to ascertain if plans are tied to financial decision-making. Second, a full examination of current Serbian defence management is conducted to discern whether weaknesses exist that distract from producing operational capabilities. Both areas are analyzed thoroughly and some solutions for change are proposed. Also, the article analyzes the appearance of two negative phenomena in the planning process – economization and managerialism.     

牛顿环实验参数的优化处理

通过分析牛顿环实验的系统误差,给出了用牛顿环测量曲率半径实验时条纹级数的取值范围.     

防空导弹弹道跟踪制导规律研究

根据李亚普诺夫稳定性原理,利用基准优化弹道参数构造滑动面,提出了一种新的弹道跟踪制导规律。对跟踪制导规律的数学原理进行了描述,给出了详细的推导过程和二维平面弹道仿真数学模型及仿真结果。结果表明所提出的弹道跟踪制导规律能使导弹快速跟踪基准优化弹道。     

基于激光推进的光船发射任务设计与参数优化分析

针对发射初始质量为100kg的光船到近地圆轨道的任务,研究了激光平均功率、激光大气传输特性、光船激光接收面面积、发动机比冲、发动机能量转化效率等参数之间的相互关系及光船飞行任务的优化问题。针对激光发射光船的具体要求,由功率估算公式计算出激光平均功率,从激光作用范围估算出光船的激光接收面的最小面积;基于光船飞行动力学模型,结合估算的参数,应用序列二次规划方法优化计算出光船飞行的最优弹道。计算结果表明,光船入轨质量可达到35.5kg,最优比冲为8140m/s。     

Revenue maximization in two-station tandem queueing systems

We study optimal pricing for tandem queueing systems with finite buffers. The service provider dynamically quotes prices to incoming price sensitive customers to maximize the long-run average revenue. We present a Markov decision process model for the optimization problem. For systems with two stations, general-sized buffers, and two or more prices, we describe the structure of the optimal dynamic pricing policy and develop tailored policy iteration algorithms to find an optimal pricing policy. For systems with two stations but no intermediate buffer, we characterize conditions under which quoting either a high or a low price to all customers is optimal and provide an easy-to-implement algorithm to solve the problem. Numerical experiments are conducted to compare the developed algorithms with the regular policy iteration algorithm. The work also discusses possible extensions of the obtained results to both three-station systems and two-station systems with price and congestion sensitive customers using numerical analysis.     

Prospect theory and foreign policy decision-making: Underexposed issues,advancements, and ways forward

How much mileage can we get out of prospect theory to explain foreign policy decision-making? To answer this question, we first argue that risk as outcome uncertainty is the appropriate definition in prospect-theoretical applications. Then, we indicate that probability weighting—a crucial component of prospect theory—is typically ignored in such applications. We argue why this is problematic and suggest how to move forward. Next, we discuss how to establish the reference point in the face of outcomes in multiple dimensions, as is typically the case in foreign policy decision-making. Finally, we discuss what we have learnt regarding prospect theory’s scope conditions and the differences across individuals in the theory’s applicability. Overall, our contribution lies in identifying several underexposed or neglected issues (e.g., the definition of risk and probability weighting), in examining the advancements regarding prospect theory’s scope conditions, and in discussing avenues for further research.     

Is human trafficking the dark side of economic freedom?

Economic freedom has increased living standards worldwide. Concurrent with such gains are rising concerns about potential human costs associated with free markets. This paper uses data on human trafficking and anti-trafficking policies, in conjunction with a measure of economic freedom, to examine whether free markets exacerbate or attenuate the incidence of human trafficking and policies designed to combat it. We do not find evidence suggesting that economic freedom is associated with human trafficking. In addition, our results suggest that economically free countries are more likely to enact and enforce policies to fight human trafficking.     

战役野战油库油料输送力量优化分配研究

如何科学、合理分配战役野战油库油料输送力量是战时油料保障必须面临的一个实际问题。首先根据战役野战油库运油车分配模型得到一个运油车初始分配方案,然后运用计算机模拟技术对分配方案进行模拟,并根据模拟结果不断调整,直至得到优化的分配方案,为制定战役野战油库油料输送计划提供决策依据。     

无人机滑跑航迹控制模型与控制精度分析

航迹偏差的控制精度对滑跑起降至关重要,地面滑跑纠偏建模和地空航迹控制的切换策略是起降航迹控制设计的难点。从运动学关系出发,提出了地面滑跑纠偏控制的设计模型,使得复杂的地面航偏控制规律易于设计;利用同-反馈结构在多个状态的协调控制,实现了地空状态自然过渡的航迹控制切换策略;最后提出了提高航迹控制精度和进行风干扰补偿的措施。