美国2014年《四年防务评估报告》特点

2014年3月4日,美国国防部向国会提交了2014年版《四年防务评估报告》和《2015财年国防预算报告》。《四年防务评估报告》更新了再平衡战略,为美军建设提出了优先发展方向,要求美军联合部队向“更小型化”转型,以满足未来军事行动需求。     

Dynamic inventory control with limited capital and short‐term financing

For most firms, especially the small‐ and medium‐sized ones, the operational decisions are affected by their internal capital and ability to obtain external capital. However, the majority of the literature on dynamic inventory control ignores the firm's financial status and financing issues. An important question that arises is: what are the optimal inventory and financing policies for firms with limited internal capital and limited access to external capital? In this article, we study a dynamic inventory control problem where a capital‐constrained firm periodically purchases a product from a supplier and sells it to a market with random demands. In each period, the firm can use its own capital and/or borrow a short‐term loan to purchase the product, with the interest rate being nondecreasing in the loan size. The objective is to maximize the firm's expected terminal wealth at the end of the planning horizon. We show that the optimal inventory policy in each period is an equity‐level‐dependent base‐stock policy, where the equity level is the sum of the firm's capital level and the value of its on‐hand inventory evaluated at the purchasing cost; and the structure of the optimal policy can be characterized by four intervals of the equity level. Our results shed light on the dynamic inventory control for firms with limited capital and short‐term financing capabilities.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 184–201, 2014     

Conceptual failure,the Taliban's parallel hierarchies,and America's strategic defeat in Afghanistan

ISAF exists to protect the Afghan constitutional model. This strategic objective will be defeated because the GIRoA model has a conceptual flaw that renders it incapable of delivering governance at the local level (Tier IV). This fatal flaw has enabled the Taliban, by developing parallel hierarchies, to displace GIRoA and establish itself in southern locales as the political authority. The Taliban are fighting a revolutionary war, a Maoist displacement strategy that uses guerrilla tactics to advance a political program. Petraeus and McChrystal failed to recognize the character of war, and believed the Taliban are pursuing an exhaustion strategy. They failed to devise a counter-RW strategy. The ‘Surge’ was doomed ab initio.     

某自行火炮全弹道多学科优化设计

为提高某自行火炮弹丸的杀伤效能,寻求该火炮全弹道设计参数间更优的匹配关系,并缩短全弹道设计周期,根据其包含的内弹道、外弹道和终点效应3个分学科之间的耦合关系,建立自行火炮全弹道多学科优化设计模型。以射程最大、杀伤面积最大为优化目标,进行全弹道优化设计。与单目标优化方法对比,多目标优化有效提高了该火炮弹道的综合性能,避免了单个目标优化时其他目标劣化的现象。     

武器装备发展战略研究中的体系能力评估分析

随着武器装备发展战略研究的科学化决策需求越来越高,对体系能力评估的要求也变得愈发迫切,但这也是目前的一个技术难点。首先分析了发展战略研究中,可能遇到的体系能力评估问题种类及其特点。然后,针对每类问题,重点分析了各自的要求,给出了在评估分析建模方法选择上的建议。     

基于AP-DE算法动态迭代步长的研究

为了促进自适应滤波器的滤波性能,建立了一种变步长的基于直接迭代误差AP-DE算法。通过使得权值均方误差下降速度最大,获得了AP-DE算法的优化迭代步长,并分析了所建立算法权值均方误差的统计特性。     

莫言诺奖演讲词“故事化”策略浅析

莫言诺奖演讲词《讲故事的人》最显著的特色之一是从自身的生命感悟、创作经历和审美体验出发,慧眼独具地选取了“故事化”策略。这分别在结构、情感、象征及语言等维度上得以成功体现,从而使该演讲构思巧妙,情深意浓,蕴含深湛,耐人寻味,极具诗意风格,给人以莫大的心灵震撼与深层共鸣。该演讲是了解莫言最直接最鲜活之源。研究它,不仅可透见莫言的演讲特色,还可清楚把握其对自己创作的精彩总结与精神世界的自我剖析,尤其是从“故事化”策略的成功运用中挖掘到其心灵世界、创作历程与精神个性的方方面面。     

Concavity and monotonicity properties in a groundwater management model

We consider a discrete‐time groundwater model in which the cost of pumping takes a slightly different form to that which has been traditional in the research literature to date. This enables us to prove that (a) the optimal pumping quantity is nondecreasing in the ground water stock, (b) the stock level remaining after each period's pumping is also nondecreasing in the groundwater stock, (c) the optimal decision is determined by maximizing a concave function, and finally (d) the optimal pumping quantity is nonincreasing in the number of periods to go. We show that (a)–(c), while intuitive, do not hold under traditional modeling assumptions. We also explain the connections between our results and similar ones for some classic problems of operations research. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 00: 000–000, 2011     

基于最优因果化提升结构及子带叠混的低内存DWT实现

基于提升结构的因果化实现及优化在将两带滤波器组转化为单进单出系统时子带系数的叠混模式,提出了一种改进的低内存需求的离散小波变换(Enhanced Low-memory Discrete Wavelet Transform,ELDWT)实现方法.相对于DWT的常规全局实现法,基于ELDWT实现的正、逆离散小波变换均具有与...     

竞争失效场合仿真基加速试验优化设计方法

竞争失效场合加速试验技术是加速试验由简单结构产品向复杂结构产品推广应用的基础,而如何设计试验方案使统计结果最准确、代价最小,是其中的主要研究内容之一.针对传统解析优化方法推导过程比较复杂的问题,提出了一种基于Monte Carlo仿真的竞争失效场合加速试验优化设计方法.在备选方案较多的情况下,通过引入曲面拟合进行间接优...