Averaging frameworks for simulation optimization with applications to simulated annealing

We present two frameworks for designing random search methods for discrete simulation optimization. One of our frameworks is very broad (in that it includes many random search methods), whereas the other one considers a special class of random search methods called point‐based methods, that move iteratively between points within the feasible region. Our frameworks involve averaging, in that all decisions that require estimates of the objective function values at various feasible solutions are based on the averages of all observations collected at these solutions so far. Also, the methods are adaptive in that they can use information gathered in previous iterations to decide how simulation effort is expended in the current iteration. We show that the methods within our frameworks are almost surely globally convergent under mild conditions. Thus, the generality of our frameworks and associated convergence guarantees makes the frameworks useful to algorithm developers wishing to design efficient and rigorous procedures for simulation optimization. We also present two variants of the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and provide their convergence analysis as example application of our point‐based framework. Finally, we provide numerical results that demonstrate the empirical effectiveness of averaging and adaptivity in the context of SA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

基于Kriging模型的环形桁架可展天线结构参数优化方法

针对传统结构动力学优化过程中求解效率较低的问题,以环形桁架可展天线结构参数优化为研究背景,在环形桁架可展天线结构的参数变量空间中,以试验设计方法选取样本点,通过有限元方法得到各个样本点的第一阶固有频率、固定载荷最大变形等响应值,利用样本点和响应值的关系建立Kriging近似模型进行优化算法的寻优,得到满足所有约束条件的最优解。结果表明,所得到的环形桁架可展天线第一阶固有频率、固定载荷最大变形的响应面呈现比较明显的非线性关系,基于Kriging模型的结构优化方法能比较准确地对环形桁架可展天线进行寻优设计。     

战时野战通信装备随机备件优化方法

随着模块化技术在军事领域的广泛应用,通信装备的战场抢修通常采取换件修理的方式。针对战时野战通信装备随机模块化备件的配置问题,建立了装备战备完好性和费用约束的优化模型,并给出了遗传算法的求解过程。通过实例分析表明该方法能够在战时为装备配置数量合理的备件,使装备备件在满足战备完好性的基础上携行量最少。     

多平台侦察水雷优化模型

针对侦察水雷作战特点,运用最优化理论解决多平台侦察水雷问题。建立多平台侦察水雷优化模型,并通过基于效能指标的单类平台侦察水雷作战模型和基于二分法的最大侦察搜索区域宽度解算模型,得到各类平台的数量需求及其最佳侦察线路配置等关键参数的最优解,较好地满足了侦察水雷作战需求。     

MEFP战斗部结构的正交优化设计

以多爆炸成型弹丸(MEFP)为计算模型,应用显式有限元程序LS-DYNA,分析了药型罩间距、锥角、壁厚、装药高度和装药直径5种因素对MEFP发散角的影响规律。结果表明:随着药型罩间距、壁厚和装药直径的增加以及药型罩锥角、装药高度的减小,MEFP的发散角在减小。在此基础上以MEFP发散角为命中和毁伤概率指标,应用正交优化方法针对5种结构因素对MEFP发散角的影响主次关系进行了分析研究。结果表明药型罩壁厚是MEFP战斗部命中和毁伤概率的主要影响因素,并得到了5种结构因素各水平的最优组合。     

一种新的雷达抗干扰技术

提出了一种新的雷达抗干扰技术,即波形选择处理技术,指的是从接收的回波中分析出哪些脉冲未受干扰或受干扰程度较小,从而可以有选择地将这些脉冲信号进行相应的信号处理。分析结果表明,通过对回波进行波形选择处理,可以进一步增强雷达的抗干扰能力。     

航天测控调度问题的拉格朗日启发式算法

通过分析航天测控调度问题的测控需求,建立了航天测控调度0-1整数规划模型,运用拉格朗日松弛方法对模型中的任务约束和设备约束进行了松弛,运用次梯度优化算法求得了航天测控调度问题上界,同时得到了决策变量对应的拉格朗日权重,可以作为决策变量在最优解中是否被调度的启发式信息,对拉格朗日权重进行分析,提出了求解问题可行解的拉格朗日启发式算法。最后,通过对两个场景的试验分析验证了拉格朗日启发式算法所求可行解的优越性。     

基于逼近理想解排序法的导弹保障性评价研究

保障性评价是实现导弹综合保障目标的重要手段。根据保障性评价指标模型建立了决策判断矩阵,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重,利用逼近理想解排序法对导弹保障性评价进行了定量分析。通过实例分析,这种方法计算简便,可操作性强,有实际应用价值。     

Unpacking the various meanings of redundancy: from refining the concept to military planning

The authors engage in the debate over waste in military force structure planning by rigorously deconstructing the concept of “redundancy.” First, a typology of redundancy is constructed that provides a common framework for identifying variety among redundant structures. These are labeled “true redundancy,” “expanded capacity,” “portfolio diversification,” and “mission overlap.” Further, a number of mechanisms are identified that produce these types of structures, and show the conditions under which planners may utilize redundant structure in the search for optimization. In sum, the article provides refined concepts for analysts and planners to identify when redundancy is deleterious or beneficial.     

基于GRA-PSO算法的端铣工艺参数多目标优化

考虑生产实际的需求,综合最小变形误差、最大金属切除率和最大刀具耐用度建立端铣工艺参数多目标优化模型。通过对粒子群全局寻优能力和灰色理论的适应性综合分析,研究提出耦合粒子群算法（Particle Swarm Op-timization,PSO）和灰色关联（Gray Relevancy Analysis,GRA）的多目标工艺参数优化算法。该方法将多目标函数的优化问题转化为优化单项灰关联度,得到了多项工艺指标要求下的参数优化组合。将该方法应用在多目标工艺参数优化设计中取得了满意的结果,表明其具有很大的适应性。