功能型摩擦材料弹性接触的数学模型

功能型摩擦材料是一种多孔含油材料,在力的作用下,赫兹接触下的应力场已不能完全适用。为研究材料内部孔隙的变化,在材料接触模型和功能型摩擦材料的构成模型基础上,利用弹性力学的知识,建立了功能型摩擦材料接触区域孔隙变化的数学模型。同时讨论了孔隙在力和热作用下的行为,以及影响孔隙体积的因素。为研究功能型摩擦材料的服役机理提供依据。     

Governmental Re-organization in Counterinsurgency Context: Foreign Policy Program Transfer and Operation Switchback in South Vietnam

Foreign policy program transfer, the shifting of implementation responsibility for a foreign policy program from one organization to another, is a ubiquitous, yet under-studied, counterinsurgency phenomenon. This article conceptually develops program transfer as an important object of study; analyzes, using archival sources, an empirical case of program transfer, Operation Switchback, drawn from US counterinsurgency practice in South Vietnam; and formulates two preliminary theoretical claims related to program transfer: (1) transferred programs will tend to be altered in accordance with the characteristics of the gaining organization, and (2) program transfer may act as a signal or early-warning indicator of foreign policy change.     

可靠度和费用约束下的加速老炼试验时间优化

为了提高产品实际使用可靠度,减少老炼试验和保修费用,基于效用函数研究了具有早期失效的产品在可靠度和费用约束下的加速老炼试验时间优化方法。考虑产品寿命分布参数的不确定性,利用自助法估计参数的先验分布,然后通过仿真方法获得实际使用可靠度和费用的联合效用函数。以联合效用函数值最大为优化目标建立加速老炼试验时间优化模型,得到最优的加速老炼试验时间。结合对数正态分布产品在温度应力下的加速老炼试验数值示例,阐述上述方法的应用,并对参数进行敏感性分析,结果表明提出的加速老炼试验方法不但能缩短产品的试验时间,还可以最大程度同时满足费用和可靠性的要求。     

Reliability and mean residual life functions of coherent systems in an active redundancy

In this article, the reliability and the mean residual life (MRL) functions of a system with active redundancies at the component and system levels are investigated. In active redundancy at the component level, the original and redundant components are working together and lifetime of the system is determined by the maximum of lifetime of the original components and their spares. In the active redundancy at the system level, the system has a spare, and the original and redundant systems work together. The lifetime of such a system is then the maximum of lifetimes of the system and its spare. The lifetimes of the original component and the spare are assumed to be dependent random variables. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 64: 19–28, 2017     

星载光学遥感成像系统复杂性分析

为研究星载光学遥感成像系统的复杂性,由复杂系统的基本特征与系统研究的基本原则出发,通过对成像全链路流程的分析,确定光学遥感成像系统的复杂性来源及其表现形式。建立星载光学成像的数学模型,以系统重要参数——调制传递函数为基点,通过正过程建模分析和逆过程测量计算相结合的方式,分析了系统复杂性研究的基本原则,即还原论与整体论相结合、定性与定量相结合的过程。由正、逆过程的对比分析,一方面阐述了系统性能与各个环节参数之间的关系,另一方面又由正则化盲反卷积的方式得到图像中真实的调制传递函数。二者相辅相成,既能通过补偿系统复杂性因素影响提升系统性能,又能进一步指导系统优化设计。     

直流位置伺服系统改进型IMC-PI控制方法

针对直流位置伺服系统,提出了一种改进型IMC-PI控制方法。引入作用函数,并将其与IMC-PI控制器串联,构成改进型PI控制器,其中IMC-PI控制器根据内模控制原理进行设计,作用函数为系统偏差的微分表达式,其阶次的选择应保证系统开环传递函数为严格正则。改进IMC-PI控制可使系统的调节过程分为作用函数趋近零和保持为零的两个阶段,从而保证系统偏差按照作用函数等于零确定的轨迹趋近于零。仿真结果表明所提方法可使系统具有良好的动态响应性能和鲁棒性。另外,利用Qstudio RP实验平台跟随跟随1+sin(10t)rad正弦信号时,IAE为0.14 rad·s,实验结果表明该方法可有效改善伺服系统的性能。     

Does military spending promote social welfare? A comparative analysis of the BRICS and G7 countries

Whether military spending is capable of promoting social welfare is currently a controversial issue. The aim of this paper is to investigate how military spending affects the input and output of social welfare (i.e. social welfare expenditures and social welfare index). A panel cointegration analysis and an impulse response function are conducted with multi-country panel data, over two time periods, 1998–2011 and 1993–2007. In addition, to extend a comparative analysis over different economies, BRICS (i.e. Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) and G7 (i.e. the US, Japan, Germany, the UK, France, Italy, Canada) countries are selected as representatives of emerging economies and developed countries, respectively. The empirical results show that military spending enhances social welfare expenditures in developed countries, while the effect is ambiguous in emerging economies. Also, military spending is capable of promoting the social welfare index based on the FMOLS estimation. The comparative analyses indicate that unlike in the G7, the effect of the growth of military spending on the growth of social welfare expenditures is negative and shorter in the BRICS.     

状态维修下通指装备可用度评估

随着监测诊断技术的发展,状态维修在通指装备维修中应用范围越来越广。根据系统模块之间的并联供求关系,以系统可用度求解为目标,建立多态串并联可控系统可用度精确求解模型。在对模型进行求解的过程中运用发生函数算法,对算法的运用范围进行拓展。实例结果证明评估模型的精确性,对于装备状态评估具有更强的指导性。     

双二体几何切面法及天梯地月转移轨道分析

双二体模型是求解地月转移轨道的重要基础。与传统的采用月球影响球入口点经纬度的描述方式不同,本文提出一种基于飞行轨道面参数来描述地月转移轨道的双二体模型几何表达方式,结合一维非线性方程求根算法Brent算法和Lambert原理,将原始三维球面搜索算法降维成为二维圆上的搜索算法,可以高效求解地月转移轨道的形状参数。为避免重复计算,将转移轨道窗口计算的轨道多变量搜索问题解耦分解成两个子问题——转移轨道形状参数求解问题和转移轨道面空间定向问题,降低了问题的求解维度。形成两级并行计算算法,充分发挥多核计算机算力,加速计算过程。仿真结果表明,基于提出的并行圆锥曲线几何切面法,可以成功应用于计算天梯地月转移轨道分析。     

遥操作交会对接轨道共享控制策略

由于时延和测量、控制偏差的影响,环月轨道遥操作交会对接最终平移段的轨道控制面临诸多问题。针对这些问题,对遥操作交会对接共享控制策略进行研究。运用相对轨道动力学方程构造遥操作交会对接的数学模型,在此基础上推导时延条件下的预显示模型。在考虑可控边界的条件下构造对接安全走廊,提出基于改进人工势场的自控方法,势场函数将航天器与安全走廊的相对距离和逼近速度作为参考量。结合操纵人员的手动控制操作特性,推导共享控制的权重系数,形成共享控制策略。在九自由度遥操作交会对接半实物仿真平台开展仿真试验。仿真结果表明:相比于采用自动控制和手动控制方式而言,共享控制方式能有效克服时延的影响,显著提高环月轨道交会任务对接精度和成功率,改善环月轨道遥操作交会对接控制性能。