Counterinsurgency force ratio: strategic utility or nominal necessity

As a consequence of intervention in Iraq and Afghanistan, force ratio for counterinsurgency (COIN) has come under increased scrutiny. Reduced to its essence, the issue is simply, ‘How many troops does it take to get the job done?’ This answer has been sought by the US military, academia, and think tanks. There have been numerous responses, culminating in several ‘plug-and-play’ equations for minimum force ratios in COIN operations. Due to the impossibility of determining precisely how many insurgent forces there are, it has become common to base force ratios on the population of the country. In the realm of policy, the question above is posed as, ‘How many of our troops does it take to get the job done?’     

Influence of porosity distribution on nonlinear free vibration and transient responses of porous functionally graded skew plates

This article deals with the investigation of the effects of porosity distributions on nonlinear free vibration and transient analysis of porous functionally graded skew (PFGS) plates. The effective material properties of the PFGS plates are obtained from the modified power-law equations in which gradation varies through the thickness of the PFGS plate. A nonlinear finite element (FE) formulation for the overall PFGS plate is derived by adopting first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) in conjunction with von Karman’s nonlinear strain displacement relations. The governing equations of the PFGS plate are derived using the principle of virtual work. The direct iterative method and Newmark’s integration technique are espoused to solve nonlinear mathematical relations. The influences of the porosity distributions and porosity parameter indices on the nonlinear frequency responses of the PFGS plate for different skew angles are studied in various parameters. The effects of volume fraction grading index and skew angle on the plate’s nonlinear dynamic responses for various porosity distributions are illustrated in detail.     

导弹静电放电效应及其防护装置应用研究

静电防护是导弹研制的刚性要求.简述了导弹发生静电荷沉积的主要途径,介绍了导弹静电放电的3种典型形式,基于相关典型试验和实测数据,分析了静电放电电流效应和静电放电电磁脉冲效应对导弹可感测辐射信号和系统信噪比的不同作用效能,研究了导弹安装静电放电器前后对安全性和功能性能的影响,介绍了静电放电器的典型应用方式,综合论证了导弹...     

Xunzi on the Role of the Military in a Well-Ordered State

Chapter 15 of the Xunzi stands as the most comprehensive account of the early Confucian analysis of warfare. Unlike a range of other early, non-Confucian discussions on warfare, particular strategies and tactics are taken to be of secondary importance. Thus, Xunzi refuses to discuss practical military strategy without framing it within a much broader ethical, social, and political context. On his account, a well-ordered, flourishing state necessarily rests upon a particular set of rituals and social norms in which people can cultivate themselves morally. Such a state has nothing to fear from any enemy, no matter how tactically sophisticated or militarily skilled. To many, such a view seems overly optimistic. However, given that Xunzi is anything but Pollyannaish in other parts of the text and is quite pessimistic about human nature in general, it behooves us to dig a bit more deeply into his ideas about military affairs and examine whether they can be understood in a more plausible light. This article provides a reading of Xunzi’s views on military affairs that is internally consistent and corresponds with Xunzi’s broader ethical and political views, while also showing why someone of Xunzi’s obvious intellectual acumen might hold such a view.     

边防武警执行命令行为的刑法学分析

基于我国的边防体制,边防武警执行命令的行为在边防管理活动中属行政行为,执行军事命令的行为属军事行为。边防武警执行命令行为性质的不同定位,导致了不同的法律意义。在不同的情况下,边防武警对命令有效性的审查义务在范围和程度上是不同的,由此,在认定犯罪排除事由的构成上也应加以区别。执行命令作为排除犯罪的事由,基于不同的要件,可构成合法化事由或者免责事由。在命令合法有效的时候,执行命令就成为合法化事由。在命令不具有合法有效性的时候,执行命令就不能成为合法化事由,但在一定情况下,执行违法命令可以构成免责事由,从而排除行为的犯罪性。     

一种高阶累积量的模态参数辨识方法改进及其应用

高阶累积量的模态参数辨识方法能够消除高斯噪声的影响。但基于传统的高阶累积量降阶方法的子空间模态参数辨识方法具有一定的缺陷。为此,提出2种降阶方法用于高阶累积量的子空间模态参数辨识方法,并对这2种方法进行了比较。利用主切片方法对某变截面轴进行了模态参数识别,获得了与有限元法相一致的计算结果,从而证明了该方法的可靠性。该方法的辨识质量较高,能够用于一般结构的模态参数辨识。     

用于卫星干扰源定位的压缩感知DOA估计方法

针对传统测向方法的实际应用性能较差,提出一种基于压缩感知(CS)的卫星干扰源定位方法。根据干扰信号方位角的空间稀疏性,建立了压缩感知波达方向(DOA)估计模型。通过协方差矩阵的高阶幂逼近信号子空间和矩阵的共轭对称特征,利用高阶幂矩阵的主对角线下左下角列向量进行波达方向估计。仿真实验验证,该方法不需要已知干扰源数,具有较高的精度和较好的分辨力,且能满足对相干干扰信号的估计。对压缩感知DOA估计在卫星干扰源定位中的应用具有一定参考意义。     

Optimal pricing and scheduling control of product shipping

In this article, we seek to understand how a capacity‐constrained seller optimally prices and schedules product shipping to customers who are heterogeneous on willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to wait (WTW). The capacity‐constrained seller does not observe each customer's WTP and WTW and knows only the aggregate distributions of WTP and WTW. The seller's problem is modeled as an M/M/N_s queueing model with multiclass customers and multidimensional information screening. We contribute to the literature by providing an optimal and efficient algorithm. Furthermore, we numerically find that customers with a larger waiting cost enjoys a higher scheduling priority, but customers with higher valuation do not necessarily get a higher scheduling priority. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 215–227, 2015     

Bullwhip and reverse bullwhip effects under the rationing game

When an unreliable supplier serves multiple retailers, the retailers may compete with each other by inflating their order quantities in order to obtain their desired allocation from the supplier, a behavior known as the rationing game. We introduce capacity information sharing and a capacity reservation mechanism in the rationing game and show that a Nash equilibrium always exists. Moreover, we provide conditions guaranteeing the existence of the reverse bullwhip effect upstream, a consequence of the disruption caused by the supplier. In contrast, we also provide conditions under which the bullwhip effect does not exist. In addition, we show that a smaller unit reservation payment leads to more bullwhip and reverse bullwhip effects, while a large unit underage cost results in a more severe bullwhip effect. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 203–216, 2017     

分数阶终端滑模控制器在DTC系统中的应用

针对SVPWM调制的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统磁链和转矩波动较大的问题,结合非奇异终端滑模和分数阶微积分理论的特点,设计了一种分数阶非奇异终端滑模控制器。结合直接转矩原理和分数阶微积分理论,对误差进行分数阶微分后与误差之和作为滑模面;根据非奇异终端滑模控制原理,在所设计分数阶滑模面的基础上确定了相应的控制律;利用李亚普诺夫定理证明了滑模面的稳定性和可达性。仿真结果表明,该策略能提高系统的动静态性能,可以进一步抑制磁链和转矩波动。