Preemptive parallel‐machine scheduling with a common server to minimize makespan

We consider parallel‐machine scheduling with a common server and job preemption to minimize the makespan. While the non‐preemptive version of the problem is strongly NP‐hard, the complexity status of the preemptive version has remained open. We show that the preemptive version is NP‐hard even if there is a fixed number of machines. We give a pseudo‐polynomial time algorithm to solve the case with two machines. We show that the case with an arbitrary number of machines is unary NP‐hard, analyze the performance ratios of some natural heuristic algorithms, and present several solvable special cases. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 388–398, 2017     

改进IAHP-CIM模型的雷达组网探测能力评估方法

针对雷达组网探测能力的评估问题,采用鱼骨图法对影响雷达组网探测能力的多种因素进行梳理,得到结构层次清晰的指标评价体系。采用改进的区间层次分析—控制区间和记忆模型对该指标体系进行评估,具体方法是:运用区间层次分析法构造区间判断矩阵;利用蛙跳算法求解区间判断矩阵中满足最小一致性的确定性矩阵;利用控制区间和记忆模型来确定各指标的风险概率,实现指标体系的评估。以具体的案例为对象进行仿真实验,结果表明,所提评估方法有效,评估结论相对客观、可信,对雷达组网探测能力评估具有一定参考价值,从而为雷达组网的优化部署奠定良好基础。     

方差全局灵敏度求解的空间分割结合无迹变换方法

为有效计算基于方差的全局灵敏度指标尤其是非线性程度较高的响应函数的,将积分空间的可加性以及无迹变换结合起来,利用函数在子空间内非线性程度会降低以及无迹变换方法在概率空间内对低非线性函数性质具有强捕捉能力的特点,提出计算基于方差的全局灵敏度指标的高效方法。该方法只需产生一组无迹变换样本就可以近似求得各阶灵敏度指标,并且该近似解随空间分割个数的增加而收敛于真值。通过非线性程度较高的验证算例及工程算例验证了所提方法在处理非线性功能函数上的高效性和准确性。     

采用多敏感器相互校正的卫星入轨姿态计算方法

针对卫星与运载分离后,由于星上姿态测量敏感器未开机或不具备工作条件而无法获悉初始入轨姿态的问题,设计了采用多敏感器相互校正的入轨姿态计算方法。建立运动学方程,结合陀螺测量角速度信息和星敏感器首次测量有效姿态,采用信赖域方法进行非线性优化求解,由后向前反向推算姿态;提出一种由模拟太阳敏感器测量对日姿态到对地姿态转化的便捷方法,由模拟太阳敏感器测量对日信息,采用本体系太阳矢量与星敏感器测量信息建立联系,达到了利用太阳敏感器测量信息校正星敏感器推算姿态的目的,最终得到的星箭分离时卫星姿态信息能够与运载方信息吻合。将入轨后卫星真实姿态与地面模型仿真结果对比,验证了模型的正确性,为后续卫星设计和飞行程序设计与改进提供了重要依据。     

Counter-Insurgency in Pakistan: The Role of Legitimacy

The Pakistani security forces have won their fight against the insurgency of the Pakistani Taliban, though terrorism will remain a serious problem for the foreseeable future. Victory was won not chiefly on the basis of new tactics, but of the recovery of legitimacy for the campaign among the population and the armed forces. This occurred when the war came to be seen as one waged not in the interests of the USA, but for the defence of Pakistan. In Balochistan, the nationalist insurgency has been different from and weaker than that of the Taliban—but may prove longer lasting. Military tactics in Balochistan have closely resembled those of the British Raj, and have been based with some success on fomenting tribal divisions and co-opting tribal elites.     

Insurgency and Violent Extremism in Pakistan

Pakistan has an uneven history of dealing with insurgencies and extremism. This article identifies the various campaigns and policies employed to defeat militants and deal with violent extremism. It describes the major anti-state groups and how Pakistan’s military and civilian leaders, relying on the related strategies of selectivity, gradualism and containment, have allowed militancy and terrorism to thrive. This article finds that while the elites and the public may have belatedly come to appreciate the existential internal threats these groups pose to the country, there are strong reasons to doubt the state’s full commitment to its promises to take meaningful action.     

Indications and warning in Belgium: Brussels is not Delphi

The terrorist attacks in France and Belgium of 2015–2016 that occurred while these countries were in a heightened state of alert raise questions about indications and warning methodology as well as effectiveness of the blanket-protection deployment of security services assisted even by the military. Response and perhaps even more anticipation may require strategic rethinking in light of the predatory attacks that target the most vulnerable spots of the public space. This study looks at threat analysis in Belgium as conducted through her intelligence fusion centre Coordination Unit for Threat Analysis (CUTA)?????? since its inception in 2006. With a special focus on what is known, at the time of writing, about the terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels, this study hopes to put into context how the system (mal)functions and will also consider the preventive measures that respond to the threat, and the international aspects which have implications far beyond Belgian borders. Therefore, a case is made for not just a Belgian homeland security framework, but one that fits into an EU-wide security concept.     

无人机规避或跟踪空中目标的自适应运动导引方法

无人机规避或跟踪空中目标可以看作是一个非线性运动导引控制问题。针对这类任务中无人机和目标存在高机动性、高时敏性等特点,提出了一种基于Lyapunov稳定性理论的无人机规避或跟踪目标运动导引方法。构建了基于精细时间运动导引方法的无人机规避或跟踪空中目标问题求解框架,并将无人机碰撞规避和机动目标跟踪问题分别转化为到达虚拟目标点和与虚拟目标点交会的问题。针对碰撞规避问题,将其转化为实现平行导引的控制问题,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了无人机碰撞规避导引律。针对机动目标跟踪问题,在碰撞规避基础上,根据目标点交会的要求设计了相应的目标跟踪导引律。在Gazebo平台上开展了仿真验证实验,实验结果表明:所提方法能够有效避免大过载情况的出现,并具有较强的时变和参数适应性。     

凹障碍超宽带SAR图像特征分析

野外环境下的凹障碍感知一直是地面无人作战平台环境感知面临的难题,长期以来常规传感器,例如立体视觉、红外相机和激光雷达,都没有取得好的效果。超宽带合成孔径雷达作为一种全天时、全天候的高分辨率雷达,在目标感知方面得到了广泛的运用。基于超宽带合成孔径雷达感知凹障碍是一种有效的感知手段,阐述了凹障碍的雷达成像几何,利用MATLAB模拟仿真合成孔径雷达数据获得了凹障碍图像,分析得出了凹障碍在雷达图像表现出由阴影区和光亮区紧密相连的特征,并通过实测数据成像获得的凹障碍图像结果,对凹障碍雷达图像特征进行了进一步的验证。     

伞翼无人机线性自抗扰高度控制

针对伞翼无人机参数不确定性和复杂环境干扰敏感的问题,提出一种伞翼无人机线性自抗扰(Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control,LADRC)高度控制方法。建立伞翼无人机8自由度飞行动力学模型,并引入风场和降雨模型以更加准确地模拟真实飞行环境。基于LADRC确定总体控制架构,设计线性扩张状态观测器对所有扰动进行估计,并引入误差反馈率在控制中实时补偿。使用该控制方法在多种扰动工况下进行伞翼无人机高度控制仿真实验。仿真结果表明,基于LADRC的高度控制方法能够有效克服内扰和外扰的影响,实现高精度高度控制;与传统PID控制效果相比,LADRC控制器具有更好的抗扰能力和鲁棒性。