近地卫星Ka频段数传链路抗雨衰自适应模式设计

针对近地卫星数传时的信道时变性和严重的Ka频段雨衰现象,采用自适应编码调制(Adaptive Coding and Modulation, ACM)技术能够充分利用链路资源,相对于传统的固定编码调制方式,进一步提高链路的数据吞吐量。提出近地卫星Ka频段数传链路ACM模式设计方法,在降雨环境下建立Ka频段数传链路模型,根据链路预算的信道状况确定ACM选用模式;采用基于导频符号的最大似然信噪比估计算法结合移动平均的平滑方法实现信道估计,有效地减小了估计值的波动。仿真结果表明,无论晴天还是雨天,采用提出的卫星数传链路ACM模式设计方法,能够在保证系统可靠性的同时获取较高的数据吞吐量。     

Tripwires and free-riders: Do forward-deployed U.S. troops reduce the willingness of host-country citizens to fight for their country?

This article investigates the relationship between U.S. overseas troops and the willingness of the citizens of host states to fight for their country. The study joins the long-running debate about burden-sharing and free-riding among U.S. allies. Unlike most previous empirical studies, we focus on non-material or intangible measures of the underlying concepts. Our dependent variable estimates the proportion of citizens expressing a willingness to fight for their country. Scores at the aggregate-national as well as the individual level are shaped by the presence of U.S. military forces, which act as a “tripwire” signaling credible security commitments. This increases opportunities of (non-material) free-riding. We present both bivariate and multivariate analyses covering the period 1981–2014 to test this supposition. Findings indicate that once U.S. troop levels reach a certain threshold (between 100 and 500 troops), citizens’ willingness to fight drops significantly. This likely reflects non-material free-riding.     

Dynamic coordination of production planning and sales admission control in the presence of a spot market

We consider the decision‐making problem of dynamically scheduling the production of a single make‐to stock (MTS) product in connection with the product's concurrent sales in a spot market and a long‐term supply channel. The spot market is run by a business to business (B2B) online exchange, whereas the long‐term channel is established by a structured contract. The product's price in the spot market is exogenous, evolves as a continuous time Markov chain, and affects demand, which arrives sequentially as a Markov‐modulated Poisson process (MMPP). The manufacturer is obliged to fulfill demand in the long‐term channel, but is able to rein in sales in the spot market. This is a significant strategic decision for a manufacturer in entering a favorable contract. The profitability of the contract must be evaluated by optimal performance. The current problem, therefore, arises as a prerequisite to exploring contracting strategies. We reveal that the optimal strategy of coordinating production and sales is structured by the spot price dependent on the base stock and sell‐down thresholds. Moreover, we can exploit the structural properties of the optimal strategy to conceive an efficient algorithm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

Optimal control of a production‐inventory system with both backorders and lost sales

We consider the optimal control of a production inventory‐system with a single product and two customer classes where items are produced one unit at a time. Upon arrival, customer orders can be fulfilled from existing inventory, if there is any, backordered, or rejected. The two classes are differentiated by their backorder and lost sales costs. At each decision epoch, we must determine whether or not to produce an item and if so, whether to use this item to increase inventory or to reduce backlog. At each decision epoch, we must also determine whether or not to satisfy demand from a particular class (should one arise), backorder it, or reject it. In doing so, we must balance inventory holding costs against the costs of backordering and lost sales. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and use it to characterize the structure of the optimal policy. We show that the optimal policy can be described by three state‐dependent thresholds: a production base‐stock level and two order‐admission levels, one for each class. The production base‐stock level determines when production takes place and how to allocate items that are produced. This base‐stock level also determines when orders from the class with the lower shortage costs (Class 2) are backordered and not fulfilled from inventory. The order‐admission levels determine when orders should be rejected. We show that the threshold levels are monotonic (either nonincreasing or nondecreasing) in the backorder level of Class 2. We also characterize analytically the sensitivity of these thresholds to the various cost parameters. Using numerical results, we compare the performance of the optimal policy against several heuristics and show that those that do not allow for the possibility of both backordering and rejecting orders can perform poorly.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2010     

基于单片机的远程光纤通信在点对点安全验证系统上的应用

现有的点对点安全验证系统都是基于电缆连接实现系统信息传输的。电缆传输信号存在传输衰减大、抗干扰能力差、在雷暴天气易发生事故等缺点。通过将基于单片机89C2051的远程光纤通信应用到现有设备来改进控制信号的传输模式,将电信号转换为光信号,在数据传输中使用传输同步码加密、数据包CRC校验、串行数据编码以及光纤连通性定时自动监测等技术,可以从物理信号传输到数据接收处理的整个过程中保证系统的安全性和可靠性;同时,通过光纤通信方案,也能节省系统构建和维护的经费。     

反证法的历史沿革

反证法是数学中常用的一种证明方法。由于逻辑学中也存在同样的相关概念 ,所以分清反证法、归谬法以及反驳和证明之间的细微差别和联系 ,是很有必要的 ,并指出反证法不但是最重要的证明方法 ,而且同其它的证明方法一样也是进行科学积累和发现的源泉。     

空地作战地空导弹射击的一种仿真模型研究

空地作战仿真研究中,对地空导弹射击的仿真是非常重要的一环。给出了一种地空导弹对空中目标射击的建模方法,该方法对建立战役、战术级突防或防空仿真试验系统具有较强的实用性和适用性。     

给定降质约束下一类DCT域图像水印算法的拉伸系数估计

数字水印是数字作品版权保护的重要技术手段。与噪声污染类似,数字水印的嵌入必然会损失原作品的质量。数字图像的质量直接关系其商业价值,在给定降质约束下自适应地调节嵌入深度是符合产业化标准的数字水印关键技术之一。根据DCT交流系数的拉普拉斯分布模型,推导了DCT域典型水印算法中拉伸系数与信噪比和峰值信噪比之间的理论关系。依据该理论关系,得到了在给定降质约束下一类典型图像水印算法的拉伸系数估计方法,实验结果表明该估计方法具有较高的精度。     

防空中存在两次转火射击时的火力分配模型

在对空防御时 ,进行火力分配不但要考虑到一次性分配的最佳方案 ,而且应该考虑是否在条件允许的情况下进行一次或两次转火射击 ,如果存在 ,怎样进行转火才能使其射击效果最好。把威胁判断和火力分配结合起来考虑 ,以我方的生存概率为指标 ,建立了存在两次转火射击的火力分配模型 ,并用实例计算检验了模型的正确性。     

驱护舰编队舰空导弹反导能力探讨

根据驱护舰编队反导队形的配置和舰空导弹的战术技术性能 ,对驱护舰编队多舰协同反导能力进行分析 ,计算来袭目标处于不同舷角时的协同反导区域大小和协同反导时间 [1 ] 。