Resistance of grid steel-tube-confined concrete targets against projectile impact: Experimental investigation and analytical engineering model

Steel-tube-confined concrete (STCC) targets are provided with excellent anti-penetration performance over semi-infinite concrete (SIC) targets since the steel tube imposes passive restraint on the in-filled concrete during the penetration process. Grid STCC system with square steel tubes is a potential solution to protective structures. In this paper, experiments of 9-cell grid STCC targets penetrated by 12.7 mm Armor Piercing Projectile (APP) were performed. The influence of side length and thickness of steel tube, steel ratio and impact velocity on anti-penetration performance were taken into account. Additionally, single-cell square STCC targets were also designed and tested for comparison with the 9-cell grid STCC targets. Damage modes and parameters of the tested targets were measured and discussed. Moreover, the stiffness of radial confinement of grid STCC targets is achieved according to the elastic solution of infinite cylindrical shell in Winkler medium. Furthermore, the penetration resistance and depth of penetration (DOP) for grid STCC targets are obtained on the basis of the dynamic finite spherical cavity-expansion (FSCE) models including radial confinement effect. It is shown that the 9-cell grid STCC targets with optimal dimension match of thickness and side length of steel tube can reduce the DOP by about 17 % and 23 % in comparison with the SIC targets and single-cell square STCC targets, respectively, due to both the confinement of square steel tube to concrete in the impacted cell and the additional confinement of the surrounding cells to the impacted cell; the penetration resistance and DOP of the grid and cellular STCC targets with similar steel ratio is close, and thus the grid STCC targets with simpler manufacturing process and excellent in-plane expandability are preferred in engineering practice; moreover, the predicted results of DOP model based on the FSCE models agree well with the tested results with the maximum disparity less than 12 % and the proposed model is more applicable to the grid and cellular STCC targets with high radial confinement.     

Problem of the reference height of the projectile trajectory as a reduced meteo-ballistic weighting factor

This paper deals with the issue of preparation of the aiming angles with the use of tabular firing tables and needed determination of the ballistic elements μ_B (ballistic wind w_B, w_xB, w_ZB, ballistic (virtual) temperature τ_B, ballistic density ρ_B) from the standardized met messages. The weighting factors are used for the calculation of ballistic elements μ_B that are incorporated into the trajectory calculations characteristics of weapon and ammunition. Two different methodologies practically used in the praxis are analysed and compared. For the comparison of the two methodologies the reference height of trajectory determined from the weighting factor functions is employed. On the basis of the analyses conducted, the potential for further increase in accuracy of these aiming angles preparation methods is pointed out.     

未知环境下飞行器视觉/惯导组合测速测高方法

针对未知环境下飞行器导航问题,提出一种基于视觉/惯导组合的测速测高方法。该方法构建包含前若干个成像时刻飞行器位置的惯导扩展状态方程,并采用一种基于摄像机两视图对极几何约束的线性视觉量测方程,通过卡尔曼滤波进行惯导速度修正,在此基础上利用多帧成像的立体视觉交会估计地面特征点坐标,进而得到飞行器相对高度。以飞行器典型巡航轨迹进行的仿真实验表明,该方法能够有效修正飞行器速度和相对高度误差,给出不随时间漂移的速度和相对高度测量结果,并很好地抑制飞行器位置误差的发散。     

横向效应增强型弹丸正侵穿金属薄靶轴向剩余速度近似计算与分析

运用冲击波理论,对横向效应增强型弹丸(Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency,PELE)侵穿金属靶板的机理进行了分析,将PELE侵彻过程中能量损失分为外壳撞击靶板区域环形塞块获得的能量,内芯撞击靶板区域塞块获得的能量,冲击波影响范围内外壳和内芯增加的内能,外壳前端外沿和内沿对靶板冲塞剪切耗能等几部分,给出了确定这些能量的计算方法;并依据能量守恒原理,给出了PELE正撞金属薄靶板靶后剩余速度的近似计算公式。公式计算结果与多种条件下实验结果均吻合较好。分析计算所得各能量损失结果表明,弹体内芯材料的变化对弹体侵彻能力的影响较小;侵彻中靶板塞块获得的能量在弹体侵彻动能损失中比重最大;外壳前端内沿对靶板的剪切能耗对弹体动能损失的影响可以忽略。     

多径条件下子阵级低角测高算法

针对多径条件下的测高问题,提出了一种子阵级处理新算法.采用均匀子阵划分形成三个子阵;在子阵级解析求出协方差矩阵的正交矢量,进而构造仰角谱,谱峰的位置即目标仰角;还可以估计出复反射系数.仿真分析给出了该方法的性能与SNR、目标仰角以及复反射系数的关系,某米波雷达实测数据检验了该方法的有效性,仰角测量误差达到阵列天线波束宽度的1/84.研究表明:该算法本身不依赖未知的复反射系数,并且信号处理维数低,运算量较低,可以应用在舰载雷达和米波三坐标雷达中.     

基于高度图的地形纹理生成方法

介绍了利用高度图生成地形纹理图的方法。阐述了多个特征纹理图融合的方法,根据高度值计算地形纹理图各像素RGB值的过程和遍历图的方法和技巧,并介绍了在高度图中确定顶点高度值的方法。利用此方法,可以按照自己的需求制作地形纹理图,为三维地形可视化研究提供了参考。     

ADC模型的高空滑翔UUV作战效能分析

在简单介绍了高空滑翔UUV的概念及其工作过程的基础上,选用ADC模型对高空滑翔UUV的作战效能进行了分析。主要分析其可用度、可信度和能力矩阵的影响因素并建立了计算模型。在此基础上,对高空滑翔UUV的能力矩阵进行了分解并对成功发射概率、滑翔生存概率、低空突防生存概率、成功入水概率及水中击中目标概率等主要组成部分的影响因素进行了详细的分析。最后通过一个简单的算例验证了模型的可行性。     

目标对抗条件下反舰导弹突防概率计算与分析

针对反舰导弹攻击水面舰艇的特点,在分析目标舰艇对反舰导弹发现概率的基础上,研究了目标舰艇采用各种手段对抗来袭导弹时对反舰导弹突防概率的影响。设计了分别适应冲淡干扰、转移干扰、质心干扰、对空导弹抗击和近程火炮抗击的一系列数学模型,并推导出突防概率的计算公式,仿真分析验证了所建立模型的正确性。该公式不仅考虑到了目标舰艇对来袭导弹的发现概率,而且顾及到了可能用到的所有对抗手段,比较符合实际情况,由此得出的结论对水面舰艇攻击战术有一定的参考价值。     

混凝土破障弹侵彻深度分析与计算方法

为了提高混凝土破障弹的威力,必须提高其侵彻深度。通过分析破障弹侵彻过程中各种阻力功及振动波耗能,提出了一种破障弹侵彻深度的计算方法,并结合制式弹丸进行了具体计算。     

SPH算法在高速侵彻问题中的应用

采用光滑粒子流体动力学方法,数值模拟了弹丸高速侵彻靶板的过程。用黎曼问题中速度和压力的解代替基本粒子与近邻粒子速度和压力的平均值来描述粒子之间的相互作用,无需引入传统的人为粘性方法来处理冲击波过渡层。初步分析表明该数值模拟结果是合理的,因而所用数值方法对于冲击动力学问题的模拟是可行的。