Strategic and Budgetary Necessity,or Decision-making ‘Along the Grain’? The Royal Navy and the 1981 Defence Review

The 1981 Defence Review undertaken by John Nott as Secretary of State for Defence controversially and dramatically cut the capabilities of the Royal Navy’s surface fleet. Many of those involved in these decisions have emphasised the budgetary and politico-strategic drivers for these reductions in capability, and the first generation of academic analysis has broadly followed this position. However, recently released government and private archival sources demonstrate that Nott’s review was initially much more severe than thought, and that this was due as much to the presumptions and assumptions of the key decision makers as to any strategic or budgetary factors.     

宽严相济刑事政策的刑法化研究

和谐社会语境下的宽严相济的刑事政策是传统的惩办与宽大相结合刑事政策的复归,它应当是新时期的基本刑事政策。任何刑事政策都应实践性地转化为刑法规范,宽严相济的刑事政策也应当加速其刑法化的进程。我国现行刑罚结构总体上存在着“当轻不轻“‘当重不重”的倒挂性局面,应尽快修改刑法来根本扭转刑罚轻重失衡的局面。宽严相济的刑事政策强调“宽”与“严”二者不可偏废,当下风行于刑法学界的一元的轻刑论应当为我们所摒弃。     

Optimal production and maintenance policy for imperfect production systems

A joint optimization of the production run length and preventive maintenance (PM) policy is studied for a deteriorating production system where the in‐control period follows a general probability distribution with non‐decreasing failure rate. In the literature, the sufficient conditions for the optimality of the equal‐interval PM schedule is explored to derive an optimal production run length and an optimal number of PM actions. Nevertheless, an exhaustive search may arise. In this study, based on the assumption that the conditions for the optimality of the equal‐interval PM schedule hold, we derive some structural properties for the optimal production/PM policy, which increases the efficiency of the solution procedure. These analyses have implications for the practical application of the production/PM model to be more available in practice. A numerical example of gamma shift distribution with non‐decreasing failure rates is used to illustrate the solution procedure, leading to some insight into the management process. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

日本政府出入境管理政策新动态

近年来,日本国内的犯罪现象急剧增加,其中滞留在日本的外国人犯罪现象增加是主要原因之一。对此日本政府采取紧急措施,即在入境管理上加强防范,通过确立新的出入境管理体制,整备出入境环境,确立外国人居留信息系统,加强揭发非法居留者和快速顺利地强制出境等手段,以求用五年时间改变社会治安危机的现状。     

消防执法引入零容忍政策探析

为了更好地打击消防违法、整治火灾隐患、维护公共安全,探索在消防执法中引入零容忍政策。介绍了零容忍政策的由来及理论依据,分析了消防执法引入零容忍政策的必要性,探讨了实施零容忍打击消防违法、消除火灾隐患的具体意见。     

一种增强嵌入式系统安全性的安全防护技术*

由于嵌入式应用环境的多样性,单纯软件或硬件安全技术或者安全产品的功能和性能都有其局限性,只能满足某类系统的特定安全需求。因此,如何有效利用软硬件技术特点,通过协同防护来保障系统的安全已成为当前信息安全领域的研究热点。通过对嵌入式系统安全威胁和隐患的分析,在此基础上提出一种可以提高嵌入式系统安全性的软硬协同安全防护技术。该技术通过硬件检测、软件处理、综合治理的方法,可以有效地增强嵌入式系统抗击本身缺陷和恶意攻击的能力。     

对学历教育型军队院校应突出军事特色的几点思考

随着世界新军事变革的浪潮扑面而来,我军以完成机械化、信息化双重历史任务为己任,军队院校对新型军事人才的培养发生了深刻的变革,机遇与挑战并存.我院作为学历教育型军队院校,重点是培养"合训分流"模式人才.为此,文章首先阐述学历教育型军队院校在人才培养上必须突出军事特色的现实意义和紧迫性,同时又对突出军事特色的主要做法进行了思考.     

效率、公平与公共政策

效率是社会经济发展的重要保证,而公平是衡量人类文明的重要尺度,是维护社会稳定的价值基础。效率与公平是辩证的对立统一,既有矛盾性又有统一性。公共政策的关键就是要协调与整合二者之间的关系,确保既能提高经济效率,又能实现社会公平——借助市场机制达到资源的有效配置,以提高效率;依靠社会主义制度解决财富分配不公,以彰显公平。将效率与公平完美地结合于公共政策之中,是社会主义优越性的充分体现。     

基于多目标约束的基本保障单元人力资源优化研究

针对装备维修工作中基本保障单元的人员优化问题,在维修过程中为保证以最少的人员在最短的时间内完成预定的维修任务,分析了修理工期与人员数量的关系,应用多目标约束理论建立了工期人员优化的多目标数学模型,通过预处理将模型转化为路径组合优化问题,并用改进的蚁群算法对模型的求解进行了研究,最后通过实例验证了优化模型及求解方法的有效性和实用性。     

Countering the Quetta Shura: a viable strategy to US policy in Afghanistan

The US strategy in Afghanistan has fallen short of neutralizing the insurgency that threatens the future stability. The primary insurgency's leadership council, the Quetta Shura, has effectively managed influence through a shadow government and superior tactics in recruiting marginalized tribal leaders, leading to a questionable outcome once Coalition forces withdraw in 2014. This article summarizes the threat posed by the Quetta Shura, coinciding with the deficiencies in the current US policy, and recommends a more viable strategy conducive to the current circumstances, based on historical and cultural precedence. Coalition forces have put a great amount of time, money, and effort into establishing a more stable Afghanistan. The USA needs a more aggressive strategy to counter the aspirations of the insurgency, thereby giving the Afghans the opportunity to further progress in the future. Under the current circumstances and policies, a peaceful transition after the Coalition withdrawal is becoming more unlikely.