非平稳噪声背景下DOA分步估计方法研究

针对相干和非相干信源同时存在的情况,结合斜投影理论和互相关矢量Toeplitz矩阵重构(CVTR)的方法,提出一种新的信源DOA分步估计方法。该方法把相干信源和非相干信源分开分辨,对相干信源用CVTR方法来恢复为满秩,避免了常规平滑算法阵列孔径损失大、运算量大的缺点;用斜投影算子而非差分方法对信源进行分离,不受相关矩阵须为Toeplitz结构的限制,使得算法可适用于任意阵列结构形式。这种分步分辨思路可有效增强信源过载能力,同时在互相关矢量Toeplitz矩阵重构过程中,可把非平稳噪声协方差矩阵转换成白噪声结构,使得算法对非平稳噪声有较好的适应能力。     

Signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio estimation for wireless communication systems: Methods and analysis

The Signal‐to‐Interference‐plus‐Noise Ratio (SINR) is an important metric of wireless communication link quality. SINR estimates have several important applications. These include optimizing the transmit power level for a target quality of service, assisting with handoff decisions and dynamically adapting the data rate for wireless Internet applications. Accurate SINR estimation provides for both a more efficient system and a higher user‐perceived quality of service. In this paper, we develop new SINR estimators and compare their mean squared error (MSE) performance. We show that our new estimators dominate estimators that have previously appeared in the literature with respect to MSE. The sequence of transmitted bits in wireless communication systems consists of both pilot bits (which are known both to the transmitter and receiver) and user bits (which are known only by the transmitter). The SINR estimators we consider alternatively depend exclusively on pilot bits, exclusively on user bits, or simultaneously use both pilot and user bits. In addition, we consider estimators that utilize smoothing and feedback mechanisms. Smoothed estimators are motivated by the fact that the interference component of the SINR changes relatively slowly with time, typically with the addition or departure of a user to the system. Feedback estimators are motivated by the fact that receivers typically decode bits correctly with a very high probability, and therefore user bits can be thought of as quasipilot bits. For each estimator discussed, we derive an exact or approximate formula for its MSE. Satterthwaite approximations, noncentral F distributions (singly and doubly) and distribution theory of quadratic forms are the key statistical tools used in developing the MSE formulas. In the case of approximate MSE formulas, we validate their accuracy using simulation techniques. The approximate MSE formulas, of interest in their own right for comparing the quality of the estimators, are also used for optimally combining estimators. In particular, we derive optimal weights for linearly combining an estimator based on pilot bits with an estimator based on user bits. The optimal weights depend on the MSE of the two estimators being combined, and thus the accurate approximate MSE formulas can conveniently be used. The optimal weights also depend on the unknown SINR, and therefore need to be estimated in order to construct a useable combined estimator. The impact on the MSE of the combined estimator due to estimating the weights is examined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Sojourn times in a two‐stage queueing network with blocking

The model considered in this paper involves a tandem queue consisting of a sequence of two waiting lines. The main feature of our model is blocking, i.e., as soon as the second waiting line reaches a certain upper limit, the first line is blocked. The input of units to the tandem queue is the MAP (Markovian arrival process), and service requirements are of phase type. Our objective is to study the sojourn time distribution under the first‐come‐first‐serve discipline by analyzing the sojourn time through times until absorption in appropriately defined quasi‐birth‐and‐death processes and continuous‐time Markov chains. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

基于主动相位控制的脉冲激光相干合成技术

提出并验证了基于随机并行梯度下降(SPGD)算法的主动相位控制脉冲激光相干合成方案.利用低通滤波器滤除脉冲激光光强变化导致的性能评价函数起伏,提取出相位噪声导致的性能评价函数变化,然后将这个低通滤波后的性能评价函数用于SPGD算法的极值寻优过程,从而实现脉冲激光的锁相.对该方案进行了理论分析和数值模拟,并进行了两路脉冲激光相干合成实验.实验结果表明,当系统从闭环到开环时,系统性能评价函数均值提高到开环的1.6倍,干涉条纹长曝光对比度从0提高到0.43.在该方案中,通过增加合成脉冲激光路数,并在各路脉冲激光中引入多级功率放大器,能够得到更高的合成功率输出.     

振荡器相位噪声对GNSS接收机载波跟踪数字锁相环性能的影响

关于振荡器相位噪声引起的GNSS接收机载波跟踪数字锁相环相位抖动,目前的解析结论仍是基于模拟锁相环的,不能说明相位抖动大小与中频积累时间的关系,因此不能有效指导高灵敏度、高精度载波跟踪锁相环参数设计.本文首先推导中频积累输出的频率白噪声、频率游走噪声序列的功率谱,然后基于数字二阶锁相环离散线性模型导出了环路相位抖动公式并进行了仿真验证,最后对公式进行了解析和数值分析.分析结果表明:频率白噪声、频率游走噪声引起的二阶载波跟踪锁相环相位抖动,均随中频积累时间单调递增,随环路带宽先递减后递增.本文推得的相位抖动公式及其随参数变化特征的分析结论,可用于具体指导GNSS载波跟踪锁相环参数设计.     

星载SAR天线阵面形变分析与补偿方法

研究了星载SAR天线阵面形变对波束输出的影响及形变补偿方法.针对未来星载SAR将采用的柔性阵面,提出了一种用于星载SAR天线的空间形变实时测量与控制的闭环系统,建立了阵面形变下阵列流形误差模型,得出小幅度形变主要影响波束的旁瓣输出,通过求解补偿形变权值的最小二乘解,使阵列形变补偿后波束输出与期望波束输出最佳逼近,并给出用于阵列误差补偿的阵列形变测量精度要求.仿真结果验证了本文方法结论的正确性与有效性.     

模2n加与模2加相对结合律相容程度的分析

模2n加和模2加是密码算法设计中经常使用的两个编码环节,二者对于结合律的相容程度是指改变二者形成的混合等式中两个变量的运算顺序所造成的误差大小.本文研究了模2n加与模2加相对于结合律的相容程度,给出了在改变[(χ(+)y)+z]mod 2n的运算顺序时,产生的噪声函数ξ(x,y,z)=[(x(+)y)+nz](+)[x(+)(y+nz)]在各点取值的概率分布规律,以及对噪声函数所有取值点的概率值平方求和的计算公式.这些结论在区分攻击中有一定的应用价值.     

潜艇自航发射鱼雷的若干问题

潜艇自航发射鱼雷可以降低发射过程的辐射噪声,有利于提高发射艇的安全性。通过分析自航发射需具备的基本条件、现有533mm口径潜艇鱼雷发射管实现自航发射的可能性、后端补水的自航发射、有动力后端补水的自航发射等几个问题,得出了533mm口径的潜艇鱼雷发射管不可能实现自航发射的结论。另外,对降低潜艇发射鱼雷时的出管速度给鱼雷和发射艇带来的风险作了分析,得出了为保证潜艇发射鱼雷时的安全不能随意降低鱼雷出管速度的结论。     

激光成像自动对焦系统的散斑噪声滤波算法

针对激光主动探测成像的散斑（Speckle）噪声影响自动对焦系统的清晰度评价函数曲线,从而影响对焦性能的问题,提出一种多方向线型加权形态滤波方法。实验证明：基于该方法构造的滤波器明显改善了激光图像清晰度评价曲线（即自动对焦曲线）的形状,降低了误对焦率,提高了自动对焦系统的稳定性。     

高灵敏度GPS软件接收机捕获算法

针对传统方法难以实现室内环境下GPS信号的捕获以及传统弱信号捕获算法的一系列弊端,介绍了一种新的捕获算法。由于数据段通过“先累加后相关”的方式进行相干积分可以减少运算量,以此方法改进的半位捕获法进行数据段选择可以避免导航数据位翻转,并且改进后的差分相干积分能够减小非相干积分造成的“平方损失”和改善信噪比,融合上述优点,提出了一种新的算法,为高灵敏度GPS软件接收机的实现提供了保证。仿真结果表明,此算法极大的提高了接收机的捕获性能,并且能够快速捕获到载噪比低至25dB/Hz的微弱信号。