军事地理信息系统数据组织与显示实现及应用

在信息作战条件下,军事地理信息系统(MGIS)作为作战指挥自动化、数字化战场、辅助军事决策和现代武器系统的战场地理环境平台倍受世界各国的重视.在讨论军事地理系统的数据模型和数据结构的基础上,研究了军事地理信息系统的数据组织方法,针对数据存储结构设计进行了详细的论述,提出了一系列数据结构样本及数据系统设计方案,并通过软件开发实例,验证了其具体实现方法和途径.地图数据模型规划以Coverage模型为基础,在数据处理过程中以Geodatabase对象操作为原型,综合两者的优势,提高了海图的显示速度,并在实际工程中得到了很好的应用.     

交互式Pareto前沿可视化决策

针对现有高维多目标可视化技术不能有效显示决策偏好信息这一难题,提出一种基于径向轴图的交互式Pareto前沿可视化决策方法。进行标准化适应度函数处理,消除量纲差距;根据交互更新的轴向量矩阵建立最小二乘问题模型,通过Moore-Penrose广义逆矩阵方法求解投影点,从而获得Pareto前沿分布图。该方法能够有效显示目标各维度信息,直观呈现决策偏好,动态表现目标性能趋势。通过实验与传统可视化技术对比分析,验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

Economic and environmental impacts of vertical and horizontal competition and integration

We explore the economic and environmental impacts of market structures (competition or integration at vertical and horizontal levels). We consider a bilateral duopoly consisting of two manufacturers and two retailers in which each manufacturer offers a wholesale price contract to the respective retailer. The manufacturers decide on wholesale prices and abatement efforts concerning pollution emissions related to manufacturing processes, whereas the retailers compete in quantities in the consumer market. To understand the comprehensive effects of market structures on economic competitiveness and environmental sustainability, we examine a measure of eco‐friendly social welfare, which is the ratio of social welfare and environmental pollution. Interestingly, we find that the market structures that have been believed to be more efficient are less efficient from a broader perspective: (1) double marginalization can generate higher eco‐friendly social welfare, and (2) horizontal competition between firms can result in lower eco‐friendly social welfare. Although vertical integration and horizontal competition yield greater social welfare by facilitating more production activities, these market structures often fail to induce sufficient abatement efforts to balance the polluting effect of the large volume, resulting in more significant environmental degradation. We also show that, despite the pollution‐curbing effect, higher emission penalties can result in less eco‐friendly social welfare. They can even curtail the abatement efforts of firms under particular circumstances. When products become more substitutable, the eco‐friendly social welfare can decrease depending upon the market structure.     

Exact analysis of (R,s, S) inventory control systems with lost sales and zero lead time

We study an (R, s, S) inventory control policy with stochastic demand, lost sales, zero lead‐time and a target service level to be satisfied. The system is modeled as a discrete time Markov chain for which we present a novel approach to derive exact closed‐form solutions for the limiting distribution of the on‐hand inventory level at the end of a review period, given the reorder level (s) and order‐up‐to level (S). We then establish a relationship between the limiting distributions for adjacent values of the reorder point that is used in an efficient recursive algorithm to determine the optimal parameter values of the (R, s, S) replenishment policy. The algorithm is easy to implement and entails less effort than solving the steady‐state equations for the corresponding Markov model. Point‐of‐use hospital inventory systems share the essential characteristics of the inventory system we model, and a case study using real data from such a system shows that with our approach, optimal policies with significant savings in inventory management effort are easily obtained for a large family of items.     

空中非合作目标旋转部件位置估计方法

针对当前空中非合作目标中旋转部件位置估计方法稳健性不足的问题,在分析旋转部件在高分辨距离像和逆合成孔径雷达像中分布特性的基础上,提出应用逆合成孔径雷达像的方位向距离单元熵和局部径向距离单元熵的旋转部件位置估计方法。该方法能够提升空中非合作目标逆合成孔径雷达成像过程中旋转部件信号分离的准确度。仿真数据和实测数据处理结果证明了所提方法的有效性,通过在实测数据中叠加额外噪声,进一步检验了所提方法对噪声的稳健性。     

金属泡沫断裂韧性的试验研究

金属泡沫在其实际应用中,断裂性能和断裂韧性对于承载的多孔金属泡沫有着重要的意义。基于美国试验材料学会相关标准,采用三点弯曲试样测定了铝泡沫的I型断裂韧性。研究表明,金属泡沫的断裂为脆性断裂,在裂纹尖端附近,孔壁最薄弱的区域最容易发生变形;随着进一步加载,一些孔壁发生断裂,微裂纹在断裂尖端附近出现。随着载荷的增加,主裂纹在缺口根部形成或由微裂纹合并而成,并开始在多孔结构内传播。裂纹沿着结构最薄弱处传播,并产生次生裂纹和裂纹桥。裂纹总的扩展方式还是I型断裂。根据试验P-V曲线特点,取最大载荷点对应的力与位移求解出铝泡沫的裂纹尖端临界张开位移的平均值为0.051 mm。     

军用航空机务维修人员安全知识结构评价研究

随着军用航空装备复杂性、安全性的提升,对广大机务维修人员安全知识结构提出了更高的要求。以某机务部队现状为依据,研究航空机务维修人员安全知识结构评价问题。利用工作分析法对航空机务维修人员的工作进行了深入分析,建立了航空机务维修人员安全知识结构指标体系,通过构建基于熵权的改进BP神经网络模型对建立的知识体系结构进行评价。以某单位实际调研数据为基础,利用MATLAB仿真实现了模型的训练和测试,对机务维修人员的安全知识结构进行量化分析,为机务人员的安全知识能力培养提供决策依据和参考。     

基于电容式噪声传感器的信号调理电路设计

在航空航天的飞行器遥测试验中,大推力火箭和导弹飞行时,由燃气射流引起的噪声会对飞行器的结构以及载荷造成巨大的危害。电容式噪声传感器由于其频率响应范围宽,被广泛应用于飞行试验中。电容式传感器工作时需要用恒压源供电,且其采集的信号受到外界干扰较大,输出电压值不满足大多数模数芯片转换要求。针对以上问题,设计了恒压源供电模块和隔直分压电路、低通滤波电路等调理模块,使其最终输出电压范围在0~2.5 V,满足模数转换芯片的要求。该噪声传感器的信号调理电路可靠性高,已经成功应用于飞行器发射试验中。     

基于自适应EKF的高动态载波跟踪算法

针对载波跟踪算法在大频偏或动态剧烈变化时易失锁的问题,提出一种无数据辅助情况下基于自适应R/Q扩展卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)的高动态载波跟踪算法。该算法在AEKF代替鉴相器和滤波器的环路结构基础上,引入两倍相位转换来消除数据位跳变的影响,并利用载噪比估计方法和基于加加速度的信号动态监测方法来修正观测噪声协方差(R)和系统状态噪声方差(Q),进而兼顾环路的跟踪精度和动态稳定性。实验结果表明:利用该算法的GPS软件接收机能够在加速度200 g,瞬间加加速度10 000 g/s的动态指标下正常工作。     

多约束下的高超声速飞行器三维非线性自适应末制导律

面向多约束下高超声速飞行器末制导过程中的通道耦合、参数扰动、模型失配等突出问题,设计一种适于高超声速飞行器的三维非线性自适应末制导律。为了模型描述的完整性和简洁性,引入视线旋量和旋量速度的概念,并基于此建立三维制导参考模型和实际系统的表达式;为了保证制导律的鲁棒性和自适应性,基于自适应控制理论,设计一种三维非线性自适应制导律;通过数学推导证明了该制导律的稳定性。该制导律能够从理论上克服高超声速飞行器末制导面临的通道耦合、参数扰动、模型失配等突出问题,满足多约束制导要求。仿真结果验证了所设计制导律的有效性。