Do migrant remittances react to bouts of terrorism?

This paper examines the short-run behaviour of migrant remittances in the face of terrorism. Using monthly data for post 9/11 terrorist attacks in Pakistan, the study finds evidence of increase in the volume of remittances sent from abroad. This increase is evident in the aggregate, as well as for the three main source regions of North America, the Persian Gulf and Europe. The positive association holds for all the top five migrant-hosting countries of Pakistan. The findings point in favour of an altruistic behaviour of migrant remittances at the macroeconomic level.     

Private security contractors and international humanitarian law—a skirmish for recognition in international armed conflicts

In recent international armed conflicts private security contractors (PSCs) have played an ever increasing role and military advisors and tribunals are facing the dilemma of assessing the primary and secondary status of PSCs under international humanitarian law. In this article the misconception that PSCs are necessarily mercenaries will be dispelled. The possibility that PSCs might be categorised as combatants or civilians will then be explored. The conclusion is that where they are incorporated into the armed forces of a state, PSCs might attain combatant status. However, given that states are reluctant to formally incorporate PSCs into their armed forces, they will most likely remain essentially civilian. Their degree of participation in hostilities will determine whether they retain their immunity under international humanitarian law from attack and prosecution (as civilians) or whether they are rendered unlawful belligerents.     

膨润土-砂混合型缓冲／回填材料液塑限试验

为研究掺砂率对高庙子膨润土一砂混合型缓冲／回填材料液塑限的影响,利用液塑限联合测定仪进行了试验研究,并运用最小二乘法对混合物液塑限试验数据进行了分析。试验结果表明膨润土一砂混合物的可塑性、液塑限值和塑性指数均随掺砂率的增大而降低。对试验结果进行分析,得到了考虑掺砂率影响的混合物液塑限经验公式。混合物的液塑限并不是随掺砂率增大成比例降低,而是液限的实测值小于理论值,塑限的实测值大于理论值。得到的不同掺砂率的膨润土一砂混合型缓冲／回填材料液塑限试验数据可为高放废物深地质处置库建设提供科学依据。     

建筑太阳能光电热一体化系统的瞬态性能模拟

利用TRNSYS软件对重庆夏季建筑屋顶太阳能光电热一体化系统进行瞬态模拟分析计算,得到系统瞬时发电量与一段时间内累计发电量,光电热模块瞬时进出水温度与太阳能平板集热器瞬时进出水温度,系统一段时间内光电热模块累计有效得热量与一段时间内太阳能平板集热器累计有效得热量,系统的光电转换效率、光热转换效率以及太阳能综合利用效率。结果表明,建筑屋顶太阳能光电热一体化系统是重庆地区建筑太阳能光电热一体化系统适宜的型式。     

基于椭球模型的雷达/ESM联合定位算法

为了减少作战过程中雷达的开机时间,采用了ESM辅助的方法。在雷达关机条件下,利用多平台ESM对目标进行定位;当雷达开机时,采用雷达/ESM联合定位。本文首先分析了基于椭球模型的多平台ESM交叉定位算法,其次分析了雷达/ESM联合定位算法。通过仿真实验分析,这两种算法具有很高的定位精度;并分析了测量误差对定位精度的影响。该算法具有一定的应用价值     

Burning characteristics of high density foamed GAP/CL-20 propellants

The monolithic foamed propellants with high densities were prepared by casting and two-step foaming processes. Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and isocyanate were used as the binder system and 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, CL-20) was employed as the energetic component. The newly designed formulation containing 60 % CL-20 produced a force constant of 1077 J/g and low flame temperature of 2817 K. Two foamed propellants with densities of 1.32 g/cm³ and 1.53 g/cm³ were fabricated by a confined foaming process and examined by closed bomb tests. The results revealed that porosity significantly affects burning performance. A size effect on combustion behaviors was observed for the foamed propellant with 5.56 % porosity, and a double-hump progressive dynamic vivacity curve was obtained. At last, the 30 mm gun test was carried out to demonstrate the interior ballistic performance, and the muzzle velocity increased by 120 m/s at the same maximum chamber pressure when monolithic propellant was added in the charge.     

基于理想点距离算法的灭火作战方案优选

分析了传统的灭火作战方案优选方法存在的弊端,提出了基于模糊集理论的计算理想点距离的优选法,明确了语言变量与模糊集理论的相关定义,规定了模糊评价语言与三角模糊数的换算方法,阐述了理想点距离的计算方法,建立了灭火作战方案优选模型,验证了该方法在灭火作战方案优选方面的科学性、有效性以及合理性.     

理想格上高效公钥加密方案

目前现存的R—LWE公钥加密方案,普遍存在公钥尺寸大、密文扩展率高的缺陷。给出一种高效的理想格上公钥加密方案,在多用户环境中,借助一个基于广义背包难题的可抵抗碰撞的哈希函数构造用户的公私钥对,缩短了公钥长度;通过增加整个密文中携带消息密文的份额,有效降低了加密每比特明文的平均开销。在安全性方面,由公钥恢复私钥的困难性可以归约到理想格中SVP问题,对密文的攻击相当于求解判定性R—LWE问题。因此,方案能够达到CPA安全性。     

兵团高校大学生理想信念教育现状探究

通过对石河子大学、塔里木大学700名大学生的问卷调查显示,当前兵团高校大学生理想信念的主流是积极健康的,但仍存在许多令人担忧的问题;教育上,在不断加强中仍有很多需要改进的薄弱环节。为此,要加强兵团高校大学生理想信念教育,就需要做到加强理论教育、选择有效方法、提高教育队伍素质、明确教育目标,突出兵团特色,使教育具有针对性和时效性。     

‘Full spectrum dominance’: Donald Rumsfeld,the Department of Defense,and US irregular warfare strategy, 2001–2008

This article examines the evolution of US irregular warfare (IW) doctrine and practice from 2001 onwards. It argues that, after 9/11, top-tier civilian policymakers in the US Department of Defense (DoD) and across the US government developed a heightened awareness of asymmetric threats and non-conventional forms of warfare, especially those shaped by contemporary globalisation. The result was a gradual turn towards irregular warfare, led by Rumsfeld and the DoD, designed to ensure ‘full spectrum dominance’ across all modes of conflict. This pre-dated the insurgency in Iraq and the promotion of counterinsurgency in the US Army by General David Petraeus and others. Policymakers' reluctance to acknowledge the insurgency in Iraq was not down to a failure to understand the concept of IW, but because they had viewed Iraq in conventional terms for so many years and were reluctant to admit their mistake.