燃烧加热型煤油加热器工作特性试验

针对冲压发动机地面试验应用需求,设计了基于燃气加热方式的煤油加热器,通过试验的方法研究了多个因素对其工作特性的影响规律。研究结果表明,该煤油加热器加热能力强,响应时间短,可在线制备超临界/裂解态煤油;其中,燃气温度、流量和煤油流量是影响煤油加热器工作特性的主要因素,通过控制燃气温度和流量可以大范围调节煤油温度,能满足冲压发动机不同试验工况的应用需求。     

靴形喷油速率耦合预喷射对超高压共轨柴油机性能的影响

在介绍超高压共轨系统工作原理的基础上,基于GT-Power软件建立单缸超高压共轨柴油机的仿真模型,并利用试验验证模型的准确性,而后通过模型分析不同喷油速率、靴形喷油速率耦合不同预喷油量和靴形喷油速率耦合不同预喷提前角对超高压共轨柴油机动力性、经济性以及燃烧排放特性的影响。结果表明:通过调整超高压共轨系统中电控增压器电磁阀和喷油器电磁阀的开启时间,能够实现喷油速率的柔性可调。随着喷油速率从矩形变化到靴形,柴油机缸内压力、温度以及NO_x排放量均逐渐降低,而soot排放量逐渐升高,且靴形喷油速率可使柴油机获得最大的功率(扭矩)和最低的油耗率。靴形喷油速率耦合较小的预喷油量可以使柴油机获得更好的动力性、经济性和燃烧特性,但同时也会导致NO_x排放量的升高。靴形喷油速率耦合较大的预喷提前角有助于改善柴油机排放特性,但受到预喷油量的限制,效果并不明显。     

均匀设计在柴油无灰节能降污添加剂配方研制中的应用

基于低压氧弹燃烧法研究了充氧压力分别为0．6MPa和0．9MPa时两种无灰型柴油添加剂不同配比对助燃性能的影响。采用均匀实验设计和Matlab回归优化的方法,得到复配体系的最优配方,并对其进行了验证。结果表明,由Matlab回归分析得到的完全二次回归模型最理想,0．6MPa时由该模型得到的最优配方为：添加剂A和B的质量分数分别是0．300‰和0．700‰,并通过实验验证得到的发热量达到最大,变化率为8．697％。0．9MPa时,结合直观分析和回归分析,得到与实际相符的最优配方：添加剂A和B的质量分数分别是0．600‰和0．900‰,此时发热量皮化率为4．453％。     

浅析储油罐安全容量的确定计算

由于油料具有热膨胀性,在运输和储存期间,如果油罐装油超过安全容量,当温度升高时,罐内油料体积膨胀,就可能导致溢油事故的发生,不仅造成油料数量的损失,甚至会引发火灾事故。正确确定不同油罐的安全容量,对油料的安全具有重要意义。文章阐述了油罐安全容量的概念,分析了安全容量计算不准确可能造成的危害,提出了油罐安全容量的计算方法。     

Dynamic institutionalization: the foundations of Japan’s radioactive problem

Many have suggested that the true purpose behind Japan’s development of a closed nuclear-fuel cycle is to maintain the technical potential to develop nuclear weapons. However, closer examination of the development of Japan’s nuclear industry shows that, although Japan possesses advanced nuclear technologies, there has been no deliberate strategy to create a nuclear-weapon option. There is no “nuclear hedge.” To illustrate this point, this article presents a framework called “dynamic institutionalization” to explain the origins of Japan’s nuclear policies and the different sets of institutionalized pressures and constraints that have perpetuated these policies over time. Japan’s continued development of closed fuel-cycle technologies is primarily driven by domestic politics and the lack of a permanent spent-fuel management solution. On the other hand, Japan’s institutionalized nuclear forbearance is driven by the calculation that, as long as US extended deterrence remains credible, Japan’s security is best guaranteed through reliance on the US nuclear umbrella. By analytically untangling the policy of closed fuel-cycle development from the rationale for nuclear forbearance, this article provides a more nuanced view of the relationships between the domestic and international variables shaping Japan’s nuclear policies.     

A generic model of motor‐carrier fuel optimization

Fuel optimizers are decision models (software products) that are increasingly recognized as effective fuel management tools by U.S. truckload carriers. Using the latest price data of every truck stop, these models calculate the optimal fueling schedule for each route that indicates: (i) which truck stop(s) to use, and (ii) how much fuel to buy at the chosen truck stop(s) to minimize the refueling cost. In the current form, however, these models minimize only the fuel cost, and ignore or underestimate other costs that are affected by the models' decision variables. On the basis of the interviews with carrier managers, truck drivers, and fuel‐optimizer vendors, this article proposes a comprehensive model of motor‐carrier fuel optimization that considers all of the costs that are affected by the model's decision variables. Simulation results imply that the proposed model not only attains lower vehicle operating costs than the commercial fuel optimizers, but also gives solutions that are more desirable from the drivers' viewpoint. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

冲压增程弹进气道设计方法与性能分析

以冲压增程弹为应用背景进行了进气道设计.结合增程弹的特点,讨论了轴对称进气道中心锥参数、喉道参数、外罩参数的选择.特别对进气道唇口处参数、扩张段角度设计方法进行了分析.设计了单锥混压式、单锥外压式以及双锥混压式三种进气道,并进行了数值模拟.分析了进气道主要设计参数对其性能的影响.数值结果表明,就增程弹的性能要求而言,双锥混压式进气道的性能较高.     

太阳能动力船舶发展综述

对近年来国内外太阳能动力船舶发展现状和趋势进行了综述,介绍了多艘太阳能动力船研制成功的实例,并对太阳能动力船舶的若干关键技术及其可能的解决方案进行了阐述,重点说明了太阳能动力船舶与多体船型的联系,并对国内发展太阳能动力船进行了初步构想.     

采用固液冲压发动机的地空导弹弹道建模

针对采用固液混合冲压发动机的地空导弹弹道设计中出现的新问题, 给出了解决这些问题的弹道设计方法, 并利用弹道仿真对其进行了验证。     

基于小波分析的柴油机燃油系统故障诊断研究

提出了一种基于小波变换的柴油机燃油系统故障诊断方法。利用夹持在高压油管上的传感器对高压油管外壁弹性变形进行检测,在12150L柴油机喷油泵实验台上进行了大量的实验,对测得的高压油管压力波形进行小波变换,提取反映燃油系统故障状态的特征向量,通过特征参数的变化能有效地诊断燃油系统的各种典型故障。