基于两阶段算法的半潜维修船功能舱室布局

以维修舱空间、舱室邻接、舱室全局位置三个指标为目标函数,以满足高初稳性要求、保证船舶浮态等为约束条件,建立技术可行前提下半潜维修船功能舱室布局优化模型。通过设计贪婪取走启发式算法与规划求解相结合的两阶段算法,实现对模型的求解。以载重为5×10~4 t的半潜船体为载体进行设计,得到半潜维修船功能舱室优化布局方案。随着维修设备质量系数的增加,可行的布局方案数呈上升趋势。该方法可提高半潜维修船在功能舱室布局过程中决策的科学性。     

Value management of diagnostic equipment with cancelation,no‐show,and emergency patients

Magnetic resonance imaging and other multifunctional diagnostic facilities, which are considered as scarce resources of hospitals, typically provide services to patients with different medical needs. This article examines the admission policies during the appointment management of such facilities. We consider two categories of patients: regular patients who are scheduled in advance through an appointment system and emergency patients with randomly generated demands during the workday that must be served as soon as possible. According to the actual medical needs of patients, regular patients are segmented into multiple classes with different cancelation rates, no‐show probabilities, unit value contributions, and average service times. Management makes admission decisions on whether or not to accept a service request from a regular patient during the booking horizon to improve the overall value that could be generated during the workday. The decisions should be made by considering the cancelation and no‐show behavior of booked patients as well as the emergency patients that would have to be served because any overtime service would lead to higher costs. We studied the optimal admission decision using a continuous‐time discrete‐state dynamic programming model. Identifying an optimal policy for this discrete model is analytically intractable and numerically inefficient because the state is multidimensional and infinite. We propose to study a deterministic counterpart of the problem (i.e., the fluid control problem) and to develop a time‐based fluid policy that is shown to be asymptotically optimal for large‐scale problems. Furthermore, we propose to adopt a mixed fluid policy that is developed based on the information obtained from the fluid control problem. Numerical experiments demonstrate that this improved policy works effectively for small‐scale problems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 287–304, 2016     

Resequencing with parallel queues to minimize the maximum number of items in the overflow area

This article treats an elementary optimization problem, where an inbound stream of successive items is to be resequenced with the help of multiple parallel queues in order to restore an intended target sequence. Whenever early items block the one item to be currently released into the target sequence, they are withdrawn from their queue and intermediately stored in an overflow area until their actual release is reached. We aim to minimize the maximum number of items simultaneously stored in the overflow area during the complete resequencing process. We met this problem in industry practice at a large German automobile producer, who has to resequence containers with car seats prior to the assembly process. We formalize the resulting resequencing problem and provide suited exact and heuristic solution algorithms. In our computational study, we also address managerial aspects such as how to properly avoid the negative effects of sequence alterations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 401–415, 2016     

高超声速飞行器边界层外缘参数仿真分析

以高超声速飞行器为研究对象,构建快速准确计算高超声速飞行器无黏边界层外缘参数的计算方法。拟合空气比热、比热比随温度变化曲线,建立空气属性温度划分准则。基于不同空气属性建立高超声速飞行器边界层外缘参数工程与数值计算模型,采用钝双锥模型,对比分析工程估算、无黏数值及有黏数值计算方法的计算结果。结果表明,0°攻角状态下,基于无黏流场的数值计算与工程估算和有黏数值计算的压强最大差值分别为1.19%和2.39%;10°攻角状态下,最大差值分别为5%和50%;从而证明所提出的无黏数值计算方法明显优于工程计算方法,为进一步快速准确计算高超声速飞行器气动热环境奠定了重要基础。     

通用扩张状态观测器鲁棒飞行控制方法

针对存在参数不确定、外界干扰与测量噪声情况下飞行控制问题,提出一种基于通用扩张状态观测器的鲁棒飞行控制方法。首先基于状态相关的Riccati方程（SDRE）控制方法,对飞行器俯仰通道非线性模型进行扩展线性化;而后引入基于通用扩张状态观测器的控制方法,设计干扰补偿增益,实现对外界干扰的估计与补偿;最后通过在线解算状态相关矩阵及代数黎卡提方程,得出状态反馈增益与干扰补偿增益,实现对飞行器期望攻角的跟踪控制。通过与已有方法进行对比,验证了本文所提方法不仅对系统模型不确定性与外界干扰具有较强鲁棒性,而且在较大测量噪声情况下,其依然能够保证良好的跟踪控制效果,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

Population transfers in counter-insurgency: a recipe for success?

Since control over the population constitutes the most crucial determinant for victory in irregular warfare, how should a state authority isolate the insurgents (the “fish” in Maoist terms) from the population (the “sea” in which the “fish” thrive)? Should a state authority simply drain the “sea” by diverting its “water” elsewhere? Does the forcible transfer of the local people who support an insurgency truly work? This article studies how the royalist regime of Greece forcibly transferred thousands of villagers (over 10% of the total population) to counter the communist insurgency during the Greek Civil War (1946–1949) and shows whether and how these deportations could be crowned with success.     

基于高精度WCNS格式的γ-Reθ转捩模型标定与应用*

在高精度数值风洞平台上,采用低速平板试验数据对基于高精度WCNS格式的γ-Re_θ转捩模型进行了标定,并在二维低速问题中进行了应用。计算结果与试验的对比表明,基于高精度WCNS格式的γ-Re_θ转捩模型可准确模拟自然转捩、旁路转捩及分离转捩的位置,并且具有较低的网格敏感性。同时也表明在中等雷诺数范围,层流区域长度和湍流区域有相同量级时,计算必须采用转捩模型才能准确模拟阻力系数。     

高轨双星辐射源跟踪的高斯和-容积Kalman滤波算法

针对辐射源运动方程和观测方程的强非线性,提出基于高斯和框架与5阶容积Kalman滤波(5CKF)的跟踪算法GS-5CKF。该方法将起始时刻的时差观测量所确定的位于地球表面的时差线按经度等间隔划分,初始化多个并行的5CKF,线性组合各滤波器的输出获得辐射源运动状态的估计。针对5CKF,提出新的非线性测度并引入滤波器分裂与合并,从而提高了跟踪精度,同时保持GS-5CKF算法复杂度基本不变。仿真表明,相对仅使用单个5CKF和基于高斯和框架但使用3阶容积Kalman滤波器的GS-3CKF等方法,提出的算法具有更高的估计精度。     

阻拦索张力控制方法

飞机阻拦装置是机场保证飞机正常降落和拦阻因意外原因冲出跑道的飞机的重要保障设施。针对现有机械型阻拦装置难以适应未来多种机型阻拦需求的现状,提出一种以阻拦电机为吸能元件的电磁阻拦装置,搭建考虑阻拦索弯折波影响在内的电磁阻拦装置模型,设计电磁阻拦装置的闭环控制算法,并利用仿真进行了验证。     

基于VR与PNN相结合的机电液控制系统故障诊断方法

针对大型复杂机电液控制系统故障诊断中存在的数学模型获取困难、历史故障数据匮乏问题,提出了一种将虚拟样机与概率神经网络相结合的故障诊断混合方法。建立系统的虚拟样机,并对其可信性进行校核与验证。在此基础上进行大量随机性故障植入与仿真实验,获取故障仿真数据。经过特征提取与概率神经网络模式识别训练,形成用于诊断的知识库,从而实现故障诊断。以操舵系统作为研究案例,得到了较高的故障检测和隔离精度与较低的虚警及漏警率,验证了该方法的可行性,为大型复杂机电液控制系统故障诊断提供新的思路。