Potential impact of recharging plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles on locational marginal prices

Plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), upon market penetration, will create additional recharging loads to the electric power systems. This article considers different recharging scenarios and uses game theoretic models to study the potential impact of the recharging loads on locational marginal prices (wholesale electricity prices). Computational results from a Pennsylvania‐New Jersey‐Maryland Interconnection case study show that, under the existing recharging infrastructures, even a small magnitude of load increase caused by PHEV recharging could have a significant undesirable impact on locational marginal prices. The impact could be mitigated to a varying extent by the availability of possible future recharging infrastructures, including realtime pricing recharging meters, battery stations, or vehicle‐to‐grid technology.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

Multi‐item capacitated lot‐sizing problems with setup times and pricing decisions

We study a multi‐item capacitated lot‐sizing problem with setup times and pricing (CLSTP) over a finite and discrete planning horizon. In this class of problems, the demand for each independent item in each time period is affected by pricing decisions. The corresponding demands are then satisfied through production in a single capacitated facility or from inventory, and the goal is to set prices and determine a production plan that maximizes total profit. In contrast with many traditional lot‐sizing problems with fixed demands, we cannot, without loss of generality, restrict ourselves to instances without initial inventories, which greatly complicates the analysis of the CLSTP. We develop two alternative Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition formulations of the problem, and propose to solve their relaxations using column generation and the overall problem using branch‐and‐price. The associated pricing problem is studied under both dynamic and static pricing strategies. Through a computational study, we analyze both the efficacy of our algorithms and the benefits of allowing item prices to vary over time. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

某住宅地下室结构方案分析及比较

地下室设计是高层建筑结构设计中重要的组成部分。地下室顶板及底板的结构方案有多种,在保证安全的前提下,应满足经济性要求。以深圳某住宅地下室结构设计为例,对地下室顶板及底板进行了几种常见方案的比较,地下室顶板采用单向梁造价比井字梁约低10%,比十字梁约低11%(柱网8000×8000)。地下室底板采用无梁板式造价比梁板式约低22%(柱网为7800×7800)。     

软杀伤性武器系统效能评估的影子价格方法

借助影子价格的概念建立了含有炮兵指挥自动化系统的作战模型,从资源最优配置的角度研究指挥系统这类软伤杀性武器的作战效能,开拓了评定软杀伤性武器效能的新途径,为战场资源的最佳组合使用提供理论方法.     

单一来源同类装备价格形成机制存在的问题及对策

近年来,随着国防和军队全面深化改革的深入推进和装备建设的快速发展,装备价格管理工作的重要性不断提升,但军队目前承担的装备审价任务日趋繁重,存量不减、增量日增等新情况和新问题给装备价格管理工作带来了新挑战。本文以单一来源同类装备为研究对象,借鉴《军品定价议价规则(试行)》中竞争议价和征询议价不审价的原理,从单一来源同类装备价格的形成主体、装备审价任务量、装备价格的测算方法、装备价格的形成过程以及装备价格的影响因素等五个方面分析了价格形成机制存在的问题,并从主观因素和客观因素两方面探讨了存在问题的原因,提出应在明确价格形成主体的职能权限、科学确定价格的测算方法、完善价格法律法规、建设价格数据平台、加强价格人才队伍建设等方向优化单一来源同类装备价格形成机制的对策建议。     

Quantity discount pricing policies for heterogeneous retailers with price sensitive demand

Although quantity discount policies have been extensively analyzed, they are not well understood when there are many different buyers. This is especially the case when buyers face price‐sensitive demand. In this paper we study a supplier's optimal quantity discount policy for a group of independent and heterogeneous retailers, when each retailer faces a demand that is a decreasing function of its retail price. The problem is analyzed as a Stackelberg game whereby the supplier acts as the leader and buyers act as followers. We show that a common quantity discount policy that is designed according to buyers' individual cost and demand structures and their rational economic behavior is able to significantly stimulate demand, improve channel efficiency, and substantially increase profits for both the supplier and buyers. Furthermore, we show that the selection of all‐units or incremental quantity discount policies has no effect on the benefits that can be obtained from quantity discounts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

舰船维修Hedonic价格指数模型的构建

针对舰船维修具有的异质性特点导致“纯样本匹配法”并不适用于舰船维修价格指数编制的问题,首先提出采用特征价格理论,选取舰船维修特征属性并给出了量化处理原则;然后,利用合并数据特征价格建模方法,建立了舰船维修线性Hedonic价格指数模型,并针对线性模型拟合精度不高等问题,通过多种形式的Box-Cox转换,构建了舰船维修的非线性Hedonic价格指数模型,得出了舰船维修Hedonic价格指数,以反映舰船维修的“纯价格变化”趋势.最后,与通过“纯样本匹配法”获取的价格指数进行比较,并解释了二者的差异性.     

Exact algorithms for integrated facility location and production planning problems

We consider a class of facility location problems with a time dimension, which requires assigning every customer to a supply facility in each of a finite number of periods. Each facility must meet all assigned customer demand in every period at a minimum cost via its production and inventory decisions. We provide exact branch‐and‐price algorithms for this class of problems and several important variants. The corresponding pricing problem takes the form of an interesting class of production planning and order selection problems. This problem class requires selecting a set of orders that maximizes profit, defined as the revenue from selected orders minus production‐planning‐related costs incurred in fulfilling the selected orders. We provide polynomial‐time dynamic programming algorithms for this class of pricing problems, as well as for generalizations thereof. Computational testing indicates the advantage of our branch‐and‐price algorithm over various approaches that use commercial software packages. These tests also highlight the significant cost savings possible from integrating location with production and inventory decisions and demonstrate that the problem is rather insensitive to forecast errors associated with the demand streams. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011