Screening multi-dimensional heterogeneous populations for infectious diseases under scarce testing resources,with application to COVID-19

Testing provides essential information for managing infectious disease outbreaks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When testing resources are scarce, an important managerial decision is who to test. This decision is compounded by the fact that potential testing subjects are heterogeneous in multiple dimensions that are important to consider, including their likelihood of being disease-positive, and how much potential harm would be averted through testing and the subsequent interventions. To increase testing coverage, pooled testing can be utilized, but this comes at a cost of increased false-negatives when the test is imperfect. Then, the decision problem is to partition the heterogeneous testing population into three mutually exclusive sets: those to be individually tested, those to be pool tested, and those not to be tested. Additionally, the subjects to be pool tested must be further partitioned into testing pools, potentially containing different numbers of subjects. The objectives include the minimization of harm (through detection and mitigation) or maximization of testing coverage. We develop data-driven optimization models and algorithms to design pooled testing strategies, and show, via a COVID-19 contact tracing case study, that the proposed testing strategies can substantially outperform the current practice used for COVID-19 contact tracing (individually testing those contacts with symptoms). Our results demonstrate the substantial benefits of optimizing the testing design, while considering the multiple dimensions of population heterogeneity and the limited testing capacity.     

无线网络控制系统一致性研究

通过构建李雅普诺夫函数,对具有不同拓扑结构的无线网络控制系统的一致性问题进行了研究。利用网络结构的邻接矩阵对网络拓扑结构进行描述,同时构造系统的延迟矩阵,结合复杂网络理论中的聚类系数、耦合强度的概念,对系统进行建模。针对复杂网络中常用的两种结构,构建不同的邻接矩阵和延迟矩阵,利用线性矩阵不等式的方法,给出使系统稳定的一般性条件。最后仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

关于《消防法》实施以来的几点思考

2009年《消防法》实施以来,消防工作得到了长足的发展,但也反映出一定的问题。分析了《消防法》实施几年来在执法主体力量、概念界定、法律术语等方面中存在的问题,认为应通过合理考虑执法力量状况、理性看待法律条文本身、主动形成执法合作意识等措施,更好地发挥《消防法》在消防监督管理中的重要作用。     

丽江古建筑火灾风险评估及防火研究

丽江古城1997年被列入＂世界文化遗产＂名录,其建筑形式主要为木构架结构,一旦发生火灾,损失巨大。依据NFPA 914工作流程,对丽江古城建筑进行分析和评价,在现有消防安全状况调查和历史建筑特征调查的基础上,分析其消防安全隐患,并运用火灾风险指数法,计算单体建筑的消防安全水平,结合其历史特征,提出改进消防安全的措施。     

Gabor框架的稳定性研究

对于Hilbert空间中的Gabor框架,定义A=inf x∈[0,a][∑n∈Z｜f（x-na）｜^2-∑k≠0｜∑n∈Zf（x-na）f^-（x-na-k/b｜]〉0,B=supx∈[0,a]∑n∈Z｜∑n∈Zf（x-naf^-（x-na-k/b）｜〈∞,通过算子放缩证明的方法,可知{Mb^mSa^nf}m,n∈Z构成L^2（R）的框架,且框架界为A/b,B/b.     

新疆中小学双语教师评价内容的审视与重构

合理的双语教师评价对于学校科学管理双语教师队伍,提升教师自身专业素养并最终提高双语教学质量具有重要价值和意义。新疆现有中小学双语教师评价内容存在思想偏差、依据不足、维度缺失、标准笼统等问题。本文以教师专业发展评价理论为基础,遵循整体性、适切性、公平性、开放性的评价原则,从双语教师专业理念、专业知识和专业能力三个维度出发,对新疆中小学双语教师评价的内容进行尝试构建。     

捷联惯导惯性系对准误差分析

针对捷联惯导晃动基座下惯性系粗对准两种不同的计算方法,分析了由陀螺常值漂移和加速度计零偏引起的漂移误差（即平台失准角）、刻度误差和歪斜误差,并推导了这些误差项与惯性元件误差之间关系的解析表达式。结果表明：两种惯性系对准算法的平台失准角具有相同的极限精度,并且与传统解析对准法的精度一致;惯性系对准法的歪斜误差很小可以忽略,但需对姿态阵正交化以消除刻度误差的影响。     

Bicriteria multiresource generalized assignment problem

In this study, we consider a bicriteria multiresource generalized assignment problem. Our criteria are the total assignment load and maximum assignment load over all agents. We aim to generate all nondominated objective vectors and the corresponding efficient solutions. We propose several lower and upper bounds and use them in our optimization and heuristic algorithms. The computational results have shown the satisfactory behaviors of our approaches. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 61: 621–636, 2014     

Scheduling recurrent construction

A problem we call recurrent construction involves manufacturing large, complex, expensive products such as airplanes, houses, and ships. Customers order configurations of these products well in advance of due dates for delivery. Early delivery may not be permitted. How should the manufacturer determine when to purchase and release materials before fabrication, assembly, and delivery? Major material expenses, significant penalties for deliveries beyond due dates, and long product makespans in recurrent construction motivate choosing a release timetable that maximizes the net present value of cash flows. Our heuristic first projects an initial schedule that dispatches worker teams to tasks for the backlogged products, and then solves a series of maximal closure problems to find material release times that maximize NPV. This method compares favorably with other well‐known work release heuristics in solution quality for large problems over a wide range of operating conditions, including order strength, cost structure, utilization level, batch policy, and uncertainty level. Computation times exhibit near linear growth in problem size. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

Economic ordering decisions with market choice flexibility

Standard approaches to classical inventory control problems treat satisfying a predefined demand level as a constraint. In many practical contexts, however, total demand is comprised of separate demands from different markets or customers. It is not always clear that constraining a producer to satisfy all markets is an optimal approach. Since the inventory‐related cost of an item depends on total demand volume, no clear method exists for determining a market's profitability a priori, based simply on per unit revenue and cost. Moreover, capacity constraints often limit a producer's ability to meet all demands. This paper presents models to address economic ordering decisions when a producer can choose whether to satisfy multiple markets. These models result in a set of nonlinear binary integer programming problems that, in the uncapacitated case, lend themselves to efficient solution due to their special structure. The capacitated versions can be cast as nonlinear knapsack problems, for which we propose a heuristic solution approach that is asymptotically optimal in the number of markets. The models generalize the classical EOQ and EPQ problems and lead to interesting optimization problems with intuitively appealing solution properties and interesting implications for inventory and pricing management. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.