Counterinsurgency or irregular warfare? Historiography and the study of ‘small wars’

This article argues that the history of irregular warfare provides a valuable analytical and critical perspective for the study of counterinsurgency campaigns and counterinsurgency doctrine. A focus on the history of irregular warfare highlights the close relationship between warfare in Europe and in the colonies. Moreover, it enables us to identify more exactly the intersection of multiple factors that lead to an escalation of violence in small wars. Finally, it also sheds light on the lack of strategic reflection on the use of irregular auxiliaries that is characteristic for many counterinsurgency campaigns.     

The German wars of liberation 1807–1815: The restrained insurgency

In the Age of Napoleon, ‘small wars’ and ‘revolutionary war’ were closely connected. There were, however, different strands of this phenomenon: speaking professionally, conservative officers condemned small wars as an irregular regression to previous less disciplined forms of warfare. The Prussian state continually tried to discipline and regulate spontaneous risings. Yet the irregular character of small wars offered the opportunities for a less complex way of fighting, thus enabling the arming of the ‘people’ to fight. Individual undertakings, such as Ferdinand von Schill's doomed campaign in 1809, were designed to spark off a general popular uprising. But they were cheered by many and supported by few. Meanwhile, Neidhardt von Gneisenau conceived guerrilla-style Landsturm home-defence forces, which were designed for an irregular people's war. These concepts were put into practice in the ‘war of freedom’ – or ‘war of liberation’ – in 1813. Eventually both the mobilisation and the tactics remained regular, however, despite the emphatic appeal to a national ‘people's war’.     

现代反恐怖作战反游击战理论初探

世纪之交 ,美俄等军队进行的几场反恐怖战争 ,其对手在处于劣势时 ,通常以游击战术与之对抗。因此 ,美俄军队在反恐怖作战中 ,也运用反游击战手段反制恐怖武装 ,其高技术条件下的反游击战战略战术对取得战争胜利起到了至关重要的作用。     

电子战环境中防空武器抗击能力分析

以电子战环境为作战背景,具体分析了敌军实施电子战的作战样式,并用模糊数学的方法对其进行了量化评估,在此基础上对一般的防空武器抗击能力模型进行了完善,建立了评价防空武器在电子战环境中抗击能力的模型。     

导航对抗技术分析

从信息对抗的角度来看,导航战是指对立双方为争夺导航信息的控制权而展开的斗争。从进攻与防御两方面探讨了导航战对相关技术的需求。     

海洋战场环境虚拟仿真研究与应用

系统介绍了台湾海军虚拟海洋环境模拟系统中的“海底景观显示系统”主要组成及其功能,分析了国内外海洋环境仿真研究的发展动态,结合院校信息化教学建设工程提出了若干思考和建议。     

构建辖区社会化消防工作格局的思考

分析消防工作社会化机制,研究消防行政主管部门职能效率,推动政府、政府工作部门和社会单位依法履行消防安全职责,对整体推进消防工作社会化进程具有重要的现实意义。分析了目前消防工作社会化的现状,提出加快推进消防工作社会化进程的具体措施。     

综合性大学师范生公共教育学学习态度调查研究

公共教育学是综合性大学教师教育专业的教育类课程的核心和基础,担负着培养学生教育教学所需要的现代教育理念、教育教学能力以及提高综合素质等多重任务。但近年来,师范生对公共教育学的学习态度,一直是阻碍公共教育学教学质量的一大难题。文章通过问卷和访谈的研究方法,调查师范生对学习公共教育学的态度情况,并从中发现由于教材,教学方式,学习方法,课程评价等因素的影响,师范生对公共教育学的学习态度比较消极,因此,通过引导,改变教学方式,提倡多样化的学习方法,建立多样化的课程评价方式等途径,积极促进师范生对公共教育学学习态度的转变,从而提高教学质量。     

舰机协同反潜有利态势初探

为研究舰机协同反潜的典型有利态势,为指挥决策提供依据。首先,依据敌我探测距离、攻击距离的对比,提出了舰机协同反潜有利态势的判断原则;其次,利用该判断原则对三种典型对抗条件下的战场态势进行了深入分析,得到了各种对抗条件下的有利态势;最后,分析了有利态势对作战指挥决策的重要作用,初步提出了基于有利态势的作战指挥决策流程。为进一步研究基于有利态势的舰机协同攻潜辅助决策方案生成奠定了基础。     

基于递归扩展直方图的辐射源时差分选方法

多站电子侦察系统中,脉冲信号到达两个接收站的时间差信息可以用于信号分选。针对高重频辐射源引起的虚假聚类和超低重频辐射源累积脉冲数少给时差分选带来的困难,提出一种基于递归扩展直方图的时差分选方法。该方法将时差数据转换成扩展直方图的结构,采用递归的方式序贯地对每个辐射源进行检测和分选,通过扩展运算,同步消除虚假聚类,逐步降低直方图噪声水平,提高了分选正确率。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。