圆锥薄壳热应力分析的分布参数传递函数方法

为分析圆锥壳的热应力问题,建立了圆锥壳热弹性问题的基本微分方程,运用分布参数传递函数方法求解了受温度场作用圆锥壳的位移与热应力.计算结果表明,解析解与有限元解吻合良好.该方法可以对不同边界条件下圆锥壳的热变形和热应力问题进行分析,还可以推广到旋转壳母线形状为曲线的情况.     

Effect of particle gradation of aluminum on the explosion field pressure and temperature of RDX-based explosives in vacuum and air atmosphere

To optimize the energy output and improve the energy utilization efficiency of an aluminized explosive, an explosion device was developed and used to investigate the detonation pressure and temperature of R1 (Al6) aluminum powder and the aluminum powder particle gradation of R2 (Al6+Al13), R3 (Al6+Al24) and R4 (Al6+Al flake) in a confined space. By using gas chromatography, quantitative analysis and calculations were carried out to analyze the gaseous detonation products. Finally, the reaction ratios of the aluminum powder and the explosion reaction equations were calculated. The results show that in a confined space, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperature of the aluminum powder in air are higher than in vacuum. In vacuum, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperatures of the samples in descending order are R1>R3>R4>R2 and R3>R4>R1>R2, respectively. In air, the quasi-static pressures and equilibrium temperatures of the samples in descending order are R1>R2>R4>R3 and R1>R4>R2>R3, respectively. R4 (Al6+Al flake) and R3 (Al6+Al24) have relatively higher temperatures after detonation, which shows that the particle gradation method can enhance the reaction energy output of aluminum during the initial reaction stage of the explosion and increase the reaction ratio by 10.6% and 8.0%, respectively. In air, the reaction ratio of Al6 aluminum powder can reach as high as 78.16%, and the reaction ratio is slightly reduced after particle gradation. Finally, the reaction equations of the explosives in vacuum and in air were calculated by quantitative analysis of the explosion products, which provides a powerful basis for the study of RDX-based explosive reactions.     

温度对舰船阴极保护和腐蚀静电场的影响

海水中氧溶解量和海水电导率是影响海水腐蚀性能的重要因素,而这两个因素主要取决于海水的盐度和温度。采用边界元法建立舰船外加电流阴极保护和腐蚀静电场模型,研究不同海水温度下氧溶解量、电导率及氧的扩散系数对舰船腐蚀防腐静电场的影响。结果表明,腐蚀电场峰值随着温度的升高而减小,当两对阳极输出电流分别为13.5 A和8 A时,船体和舵在低温处于过保护状态而在高温处于欠保护状态,螺旋桨和轴在不同温度下均能得到较好的保护。     

LaB6空心阴极中毒特性

LaB_6阴极与其他类型阴极相比具有电子发射电流密度大等优点,已广泛用于电推进、高发射密度电子枪等产品。为了研究LaB_6空心阴极中毒特性、识别LaB_6空心阴极主要失效模式,分别对LaB_6空心阴极暴露大气后性能变化特征和引起性能变化的原因进行了研究。结果表明:LaB_6空心阴极在暴露大气后表面吸附大量中毒气体,出现了发射体表面逸出功增加、发射体短期中毒现象。此时空心阴极的放电电压和阴极顶温度均有所上升,经过短期工作后放电电压和阴极顶温度均恢复初始状态。但LaB_6空心阴极严重中毒后,并不能通过加热和离子轰击方式去除表面生成的氧化物。因此,可以在实验过程中通过监测空心阴极的阴极顶温度和阳极电压变化间接表征空心阴极发射体状态。     

Effect of bending temperatures on the microstructure and springback of a TRIP steel sheet

Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steel possesses high strength and formability, enabling the use of a thinner gauge material and allowing for the fabrication of complex shapes. In this research, we measured the effect of bending temperatures on the microstructure and air-bending springback angle of TRIP steel at temperatures from 25 to 600 °C. Real-time in situ X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used for pre- and postbending analysis. As the prebending temperature increased from 25 °C to 600 °C, the retained austenite (RA) volume fraction decreased, and the RA transformed to bainite at temperatures above 400 °C. The springback angle was positively correlated with the prebending RA volume fraction, with the smallest springback angle achieved at 400 °C. Additionally, the springback angle was positively correlated with the bending angle, because the RA transformation ratio contributed to increased strain hardening. Further microstructure analysis revealed that the RA became elongated in the tension direction as the bending temperatures increased.     

火灾时公路隧道排烟方案设计与优选

针对双车道单向行驶高速公路隧道火灾提出三种排烟方案.利用FDS软件数值模拟火灾时各方案对烟气迁移和温度分布的影响,最后优选火灾时的排烟方案.结果表明：三种方案均能起到很好的排烟效果.若不考虑成本及技术难度,组合排烟方式效果最佳;若考虑成本和技术难度,则设置排烟口排烟效果最佳.在实际隧道发生火灾时,应综合考虑决定选取哪一种方案.若选用组合排烟方式,笔者建议火灾时,火源上游仅开启射流风机,火源下游则应同时开启排烟口,这样既节约成本,又能达到目的.     

油库压缩机组温度变送器法兰根部泄漏失效分析

为了解决基地油库压缩机组温度变送器法兰根部焊缝泄漏问题,采用照相、无损检测、化学成分分析、金相分析、显微硬度分析、扫描电镜观察与能谱分析等方法,对失效法兰进行失效分析。研究结果表明,法兰焊缝根部泄漏系焊缝未焊透和存在夹杂物所致,并因外应力作用而在熔合区马氏体区域沿晶扩展,导致角焊缝最终脆性断裂。结合现场实际情况,提出防止发生类似事故的建议。     

BaGa4Se7与KTiOAsO4光参量振荡输出3.5 μm激光性能对比

为对比新型非线性晶体BaGa₄Se₇(简称 BGSe)和成熟商用非线性晶体KTiOAsO₄(简称 KTA) 所输出的中红外激光性能,使用1.06 μm激光泵浦BGSe(56.3°,0°,type-Ⅰ)和KTA(90°, 0°,type-Ⅱ-A)输出3.5 μm激光。在泵浦光波长为1 064 nm、脉宽为13 ns、光斑直径为4 mm、光参量振荡腔长为90 mm的条件下,实验测得KTA(L=20 mm)和BGSe(L=15 mm)的泵浦振荡阈值分别为52.6 mJ(理论值为46.11 mJ)和20.6 mJ(理论值为18.32 mJ);BGSe输出波长与温度的变化率Δλ₂/ΔT为3.20 nm/℃(理论值为2.49 nm/℃),KTA的Δλ₂/ΔT为0.073 nm/℃(理论值为0.077 nm/℃);实验测得BGSe的输出线宽为4.71 nm,KTA为2.45 nm。BGSe和KTA的泵浦阈值和温度调谐在理论和实验上吻合得较好,且结果表明:BGSe在这两个方面优于KTA;但KTA在输出窄线宽方面优于BGSe晶体。实验结果表明,BGSe是一种具有广泛应用前景的中远红外非线性晶体。     

Ablation characteristics of insulator under high-temperature gas dual-pulse erosion

This study numerically simulated and investigated the flow field characteristics of a typical dual-pulse solid rocket motor with a soft pulse separation device through thermal insulation ablation under high-temperature dual-pulse erosion. The ablation rate of ethylene -propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) insulator was measured after the experiment. Experimental results were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography. The ablation mechanism of the EPDM insulator under the operation conditions of a dual-pulse solid rocket motor was evaluated by analyzing the results. The results reveal that the internal flow field of the motor with a soft pulse separation device is uniform. The original charred layer existing on the EPDM insulator surface in the first pulse combustor is the decisive factor affecting the final ablation rate of the dual-pulse motor during the second pulse operation, and the ablation characteristic region is easily formed with the exfoliation of the charred layer. The ablation rate difference of the insulator increases with gas velocity.     

铜冶炼炉溜槽上方钢梁温度分布研究

为了对有色冶炼厂房框架钢梁耐火稳定性评估提供条件,根据冶炼铜实际工况建立计算模型,数值研究钢梁温度分布,结果表明:在加热初期,钢梁的平均温度和最高温度不断上升,经历10个升温-降温周期后,钢梁的最高温度稳定在220℃左右。钢梁温度与梁的截面尺寸和形状、梁计算截面位置、溜槽与梁相对位置等众多因素有关。梁与溜槽距离越大,梁截面高度越大,翼缘宽度越小,最高温度与平均温度越低;梁长度大小不影响梁最高温度,但梁长度越大平均温度越低。