火灾安全评价方法研究

火灾安全评价是利用系统工程的方法对拟建或已有工程、系统可能存在的危险性及可能产生的后果进行综合评价和预测,并根据可能导致的火灾事故风险的大小,提出相应的安全对策措施,以达到工程、系统安全的过程。主要论述了火灾安全评价的目的、火灾安全评价的意义、火灾安全评价的一般程序、火灾安全评价方法选择、火灾安全评价方法的比较及火灾安全评价方法在消防中应用。     

Some probability functions in reliability and their applications

There has been much research on the general failure model recently. In the general failure model, when the unit fails at its age t, Type I failure (minor failure) occurs with probability 1 ? p(t) and Type II failure (catastrophic failure) occurs with probability p(t). In the previous research, some specific shapes (constant, non‐decreasing, or bathtub‐shape) on the probability function p(t) are assumed. In this article, general results on some probability functions are obtained and applied to study the shapes of p(t). The results are also applied to determining the optimal inspection and allocation policies in maintenance problems. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

微波脉冲对硅基双极型晶体管的损伤特性

利用微波脉冲注入实验平台,对硅基双极型晶体管低噪声放大器进行了损伤效应实验。在微波脉冲对硅基双极型晶体管低噪声放大器损伤的失效分析中,当低噪声放大器增益下降大于10d B时,发现硅基双极型晶体管出现了永久损伤。通过对比测量硅基双极型晶体管损伤前后的电特性以及利用扫描电子显微镜观测损伤后晶体管的微观特性发现:硅基双极型晶体管被微波脉冲损伤后,基区的硅材料烧蚀导致发射结和集电结短路,不再具有PN结特性,导致器件失效。     

适用于海底观测网络的恒流远供系统可靠性分析方法

以水下单元的短路/开路故障模式为基础,提出一种分析缆系海底观测网络恒流远供系统可靠性的方法。根据系统供电和结构特性,将系统分成不同的供电链路和链路段。详细研究处于不同位置的各种水下单元发生故障时,对链路和观测设备的供电状态的影响。归纳导致系统和各链路无法正常导通、观测设备无法得到供电的状态情况,分析不同故障状态发生的概率,进而得出求解系统、供电链路与供电设备的供电可靠度的方法。通过算例分析,进一步梳理了3种供电可靠性的共性规律,说明在设计和建设恒流远供系统时,应综合考量这3种供电可靠性。     

基于正交试验法的冗余捷联惯组故障诊断实验方法研究

冗余捷联惯组是运载火箭控制系统的重要设备,需要对其进行故障检测和隔离以保证系统正常工作,所应用的故障检测算法需要进行有效性评估。由于惯组器件配置和故障形式的多样性,所有故障情形进行逐一测试不可能的,因此提出利用正交试验法安排实验,对广义似然比故障检测算法进行性能检测。试验结果表明应用正交试验实现了故障情形的良好覆盖性,有效减少了试验次数,并且从测试数据中验证了故障检测算法的有效性。     

工业企业火灾爆炸量化分析方法应用探讨

运用工业企业火灾爆炸量化分析方法对发生在韩国的一起液化石油气充装站火灾爆炸事故进行了量化分析.结果表明在沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸发生前的21 min时间内约有6.0t的丁烷泄漏并参与到池火燃烧中;丁烷槽车胶管与丁烷地下储罐管线之间的不良连接是导致丁烷泄漏的原因,其有效泄漏直径为27 mm;参与火球燃烧的丁烷为3.7t,约占沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸发生时槽车内剩余丁烷的62％;参与火球燃烧的丙烷为8.0t,约占丙烷槽车全部装载量的53％.     

Understanding the ‘failure’ of the Séléka rebellion

This paper examines the downfall of the Séléka rebellion, which staged a coup in the Central African Republic in March 2013. The coup plunged the country into violence and chaos, and there has been an uneasy quest for peace ever since. This article explains why the leader of the rebellion lost control over his troops and was finally pushed by regional actors to leave power. The article concludes that the Séléka rebellion was already fragile and, together with the poor leadership demonstrated by the coalition leader, the rebellion was unable to hold on to power.     

Investigation on the foaming behaviors of NC-based gun propellants

To prepare the porous NC-based (nitrocellulose-based) gun propellants, the batch foaming process of using supercritical CO₂ as the physical blowing agent is used. The solubilities of CO₂ in the single-base propellants and TEGDN (trimethyleneglycol dinitrate) propellants are measured by the gravimetric method, and SEM (scanning electron microscope) is used to observe the morphology of foamed propellants. The result shows that a large amount of CO₂ could be dissolved in NC-based propellants. The experimental results also reveal that the energetic plasticizer TEGDN exerts an important influence on the pore structure. The triaxial tensile failure mechanism for solid-state nucleation is used to explain the nucleation of NC-based propellants in the solid state. Since some specific foaming behaviors of NC-based propellants can not be explained by the failure mechanism, a solid-state nucleation mechanism which revises the triaxial tensile failure mechanism is proposed and discussed.     

舰用锅炉耐火纤维材料的失效模式和失效机理研究

针对舰用锅炉现用硅酸铝质耐火纤维材料,采用晶相显微分析、X 射线衍射分析(XRD)和激光粒度分析(LMS)等现代材料分析手段对其失效模式和失效机理进行了研究分析,研究结果为新型耐火材料的研制或改进提供了重要依据.     

装甲车辆使用故障探讨

从装甲车辆的故障及分类入手,引入使用故障的概念,以装甲车辆使用、维护过程中发生的典型使用故障案例为基本素材,运用归纳、分析的方法,真实体现使用故障的原因,客观提出预防使用故障的对策.