多品种备件联合申请的聚集效应

根据联合申请的备件品种范围的不同,提出了3种订货策略,即单独申请、统一申请和联合申请,并设计了联合申请策略的启发式算法。该算法首先确定订购最频繁的备件,将其申请周期作为基本申请周期,其他备件申请周期是该周期的整倍数;其次寻求各种备件的最优订货倍数;最后确定各种备件的订购量。数值实例表明：联合申请策略的聚集效应明显优于单独申请策略和统一申请策略,对多品种库存控制策略的研究有一定意义。     

战时交通运输路径优化研究

以战时交通运输路径优化问题为研究对象,分析问题特点,考虑多式联运,以运输时间代价、运输费用代价、路段和运输节点的危险性代价为优化目标,建立起广义运输代价最小的运输路径优化模型,并设计了蚁群算法来求解问题模型。给出的算例表明,文中模型符合战时交通运输的特点和实际需要,可为确定战时运输路径提供决策支持,而采用的蚁群算法是求解该问题的一种有效方法。     

遗传规划在机载电子设备费用估算中的应用

在对现有电子设备费用估算方法进行简要回顾的基础上,对遗传规划的原理与方法进行了分析和研究,提出了基于遗传规划的机载电子设备生产费用估算模型,并完成了算法设计和程序编制工作.以历史数据为学习样本,根据所建模型对不同型号的机载电子设备生产费用进行了估算.结果表明, 模型简单易行、精度较高,为机载电子设备费用估算提供了一条新途径.     

教育成本刍议

文章试图从教育成本概述、教育成本的类别、教育成本核算、教育成本预测与计划以及教育成本控制等方面对教育成本进行论述。     

一类带配送中心运输问题的容量扩张模型研究

运输问题一般采用表上作业法来解决,考虑一类带配送中心的运输问题,若仍采用表上作业法,会使问题复杂化.文中采用一种构造辅助网络的方法:在运输网络中将每个配送中心均拆分成两个点,连接两点形成新弧,构造出新的网络,并给每条弧赋予参数,将此类运输问题转换为最小费用流模型来解决,可以使问题模型和运算简单化.在此基础上,考虑运输网络中配送中心和边的容量扩张问题.     

Aircraft routing under the risk of detection

The deterministic problem for finding an aircraft's optimal risk trajectory in a threat environment has been formulated. The threat is associated with the risk of aircraft detection by radars or similar sensors. The model considers an aircraft's trajectory in three‐dimensional (3‐D) space and represents the aircraft by a symmetrical ellipsoid with the axis of symmetry directing the trajectory. Analytical and discrete optimization approaches for routing an aircraft with variable radar cross‐section (RCS) subject to a constraint on the trajectory length have been developed. Through techniques of Calculus of Variations, the analytical approach reduces the original risk optimization problem to a vectorial nonlinear differential equation. In the case of a single detecting installation, a solution to this equation is expressed by a quadrature. A network optimization approach reduces the original problem to the Constrained Shortest Path Problem (CSPP) for a 3‐D network. The CSPP has been solved for various ellipsoid shapes and different length constraints in cases with several radars. The impact of ellipsoid shape on the geometry of an optimal trajectory as well as the impact of variable RCS on the performance of a network optimization algorithm have been analyzed and illustrated by several numerical examples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

An inspection game: Taking account of fulfillment probabilities of players' aims

This paper deals with an inspection game of customs and a smuggler. The customs can take two options of assigning a patrol or not. The smuggler has two strategies of shipping its cargo of contraband or not. Two players have several opportunities to take actions during a limited number of days. When both players do, there are some possibilities that the customs captures the smuggler and, simultaneously, the smuggler possibly makes a success of the smuggling. If the smuggler is captured or there remain no days for playing the game, the game ends. In this paper, we formulate the problem into a multi‐stage two‐person zero‐sum stochastic game and investigate some characteristics of the equilibrium solution, some of which are given in a closed form in a special case. There have been some studies so far on the inspection game. However, some consider the case that the smuggler has only one opportunity of smuggling or the perfect‐capture case that the customs can certainly arrest the smuggler on patrol, and others think of a recursive game without the probabilities of fulfilling the players' purposes. In this paper, we consider the inspection game taking account of the fulfillment probabilities of the players' aims. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

A new reformulation approach for the generalized partial covering problem

In this paper, we consider a situation in which a group of facilities must be constructed in order to serve a given set of customers, where the facilities might not be able to guarantee an absolute coverage to the different customers. We examine the problem of maximizing the total service reliability of the system subject to a budgetary constraint. We propose a new reformulation of this problem that facilitates the generation of tight lower and upper bounds. These bounding mechanisms are embedded within the framework of a branch‐and‐bound procedure. Computational results on problem instances ranging in size up to 100 facilities and 200 customers reveal the efficacy of the proposed exact and heuristic approaches. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

The Banzhaf value and communication situations

Myerson 3 and 4 proposed and characterized a modification of the Shapley value in the context of communication situations. In this paper we propose several characterizations of the extension of the Banzhaf value proposed by Owen 7 to communication situations. In particular we characterize this value with the properties of fairness, isolation, and pairwise merging. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

Minimizing the makespan in open‐shop scheduling problems with a convex resource consumption function

We consider open‐shop scheduling problems where operation‐processing times are a convex decreasing function of a common limited nonrenewable resource. The scheduler's objective is to determine the optimal job sequence on each machine and the optimal resource allocation for each operation in order to minimize the makespan. We prove that this problem is NP‐hard, but for the special case of the two‐machine problem we provide an efficient optimization algorithm. We also provide a fully polynomial approximation scheme for solving the preemptive case. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006