Conflict management in the Central African Republic: making genocide prevention work

This commentary analyses the international response to the crisis that struck the Central African Republic (CAR) in early December 2013. It examines three intertwined dimensions defining the courses of action available to policymakers dealing with pre-genocidal crises: the politics and institutional manoeuvring shaping the United Nations (UN) Security Council's decision to authorise an enforcement mission without deploying ‘blue helmets’ on the ground; the operational complexities involved in launching rapid reaction forces; and the interdependent logics between peacebuilding and atrocity prevention. The author argues that there are three ways for the UN Secretariat to ensure a more effective response to CAR-type situations: generating political will to respond swiftly to deteriorating crises leading to widespread abuses of human rights by advancing the concept of Responsibility to Protect as a core component of states' national interests; developing strategic frameworks for the deployment of multi-plural missions equipped to avert the actual or potential threat of atrocities; and developing joint early warning and scenario planning between peacebuilding and atrocity prevention agencies.     

基于虚拟样机的供输弹机液压系统故障仿真

供输弹机是火炮实现装填自动化的重要机构,涉及机电液等多种系统的耦合,故障率较高.为了能够真实地模拟供输弹机液压系统的故障过程,提出了适用于大型复杂系统耦合仿真的协同仿真方法,建立了完整的供输弹机虚拟样机,较好地解决了机电液耦合、多碰撞拓扑等难题,并通过实装试验数据验证了虚拟样机仿真的可信性.以溢流阀发生粘滞阻力过大和液控单向阀发生控制油路故障为例,说明了故障发生时供输弹机的动力学响应特性,明确了故障机理,为快速地进行故障特征提取和积累故障样本奠定了良好的基础.     

防暴火箭弹发射器虚拟样机建模及仿真分析

以某型防暴火箭弹发射器为研究对象,应用CAD建模软件和动力学仿真软件建立了虚拟样机模型。对其单射和齐射两种状态时的发射装置进行了仿真,将振动仿真结果试验数据进行了比较,二者十分吻合。验证了将虚拟样机技术引入防暴武器研究领域的可行性,为进一步仿真研究和试验奠定了基础。     

高速导弹末制导虚拟样机系统设计、建模及校验

总结了国内外虚拟样机技术的发展现状,结合目前正开展的高速末制导虚拟样机系统,对虚拟样机系统建摸、模型校验等技术进行了探讨,并提出了解决方案。     

复杂外形高超声速飞行器气动热快速工程估算

针对复杂外形高超声速飞行器方案设计阶段的气动热计算效率问题,建立了高超声速飞行器气动热的快速工程计算方法。采用修正牛顿理论确定飞行器表面压力分布,利用牛顿最速下降理论计算飞行器表面流线分布,采用参考焓法、高温空气热力学特性的拟合公式以及热流密度的工程计算公式求出飞行器表面目标点的热流密度,计算了钝锥、升力体以及类乘波体的表面热流分布。仿真分析表明:该方法适用于复杂外形,且具有较高的计算效率和精度,能够满足复杂高超声速飞行器设计方案阶段气动热估算需求。     

大中口径舰炮敏捷供弹系统虚拟样机仿真研究

文中提出了一套完整的大中口径舰炮敏捷供弹系统。应用三维实体建模软件PRO/E完成了整个供弹系统各个子系统的模型设计及建立;进行了装配检查,排除了零部件之间的干涉,完善了零部件设计;再利用PRO/E和ADAMS相结合,建立供弹系统各部分的驱动系统,并与实体模型结合,对此系统进行机构的运动学、动力学和驱动系统仿真,对设计的可行性和合理性进行深入研究.通过以上研究,建立了一个完整的大中口径舰炮敏捷供弹系统虚拟样机,为供弹系统的进一步深入研究以及实际生产提供了坚实的基础,同时给军械设计提供了一条高效率、低成本的设计方法.     

The African Standby Force: The African Union’s tool for the maintenance of peace and security

Declared operationally ready in 2016, the African Standby Force (ASF) has not been deployed in its originally designed form. This is not for the lack of opportunities but rather a demonstration of the power of the Regional Economic Communities/Regional Mechanisms (RECs/RMs) – Africa’s sub-regional security structures – over matters of peace and security. Experience gathered from its short existence suggests that the ASF may never be deployed in its current form. It may instead evolve into a robust framework, adaptable mainly by the RECs/RMs, for addressing varied security challenges. Four things are critical to enhancing the utility of the ASF: the political willingness of the RECs/RMs, the strategic interest of the member states, predictable and sustainable financing, and clarity on the role of the African Capability for Immediate Response to Crisis, the temporary battlegroup that was created to provide the African Union with a rapid response capability, pending the ASF’s operationalization.     

EU Battlegroups: High costs,no benefits

This article reviews the gloomy saga of the EU Battlegroups, focusing on four questions: Where do they come from? What do they look like? What have they been hindered by? And where do they go from here? It builds upon earlier findings in the literature and adds novel insights based on original data. In doing so, the article pays particular attention to the standby nations’ constant calculation of political and financial costs. It argues that recognizing these cost–benefit calculations allows for identifying the most crucial areas to be tackled to make the EU Battlegroups functional. In addition, the article stresses that these considerations play out in a setting wherein the Battlegroups are just one among many policy instruments available for rapid response.     

基于虚拟样机技术的履带式装甲车辆行驶路面测量方法研究

在对车辆简化模型进行动力学分析的基础上,提出了一种新的履带式装甲车辆行驶路面测量方法,并采用虚拟样机辅助的方式,从原理上证明了这种方法是可行的。     

制备工艺对弧焊成形件性能影响研究进展

阐述了弧焊工艺参数、搭接量、层间冷却时间、焊接路径规划以及激光-弧焊复合焊接工艺对成形件组织性能(残余应力、温度场、组织、硬度、抗拉强度)影响的研究现状,总结了尺寸与性能控制一体化快速制造、尺寸控制和表面改性复合快速制造、基于机械加工特征的性能控制等研究新进展,最后指出未来性能控制研究应在性能控制建模、几何尺寸与表面性能控制的顶层设计、弧焊快速制造与纳米表面工程的复合运用等方面加以重视。