Traditional structures of crime control in Lagos,Nigeria

Notwithstanding the embrace of modern institutions of social control, traditional social control mechanisms still enjoy patronage in Nigeria. This paper examines the traditional structures of social control in Iraye-Oke, Lagos. In-depth interviews, key informant interviews and case studies were used to obtain data from participants. Findings established the functionality of traditional structures in checking crime and its preference over the use of modern social control structures. Traditional structures used include: traditional spiritualists who provide measures to reduce victimisation; the family courts where adjudication takes place involving elders and family chiefs; and the apex traditional court, presided over by the king, where cases like murder, land disputes, adultery and fornication are decided. Traditional extrajudicial measures involve the invocation of ancestral spirits at shrines.     

ALTERNATIVE NARRATIVES FOR ARMS CONTROL

The efforts of President Barack Obama and his administration to restore the United States as a driving force of multilateral arms control and nonproliferation negotiations are commendable, yet the lack of progress on such issues over the last eight years has ensured that U.S. policy has not kept pace with changes in the geostrategic environment and the evolving security agenda. Meanwhile, an alternative agenda has been articulated by non-Western countries. This article focuses on the arms control perspectives of Non-Aligned Movement states and others that have begun to embrace the idea of “disarmament as humanitarian action.” It explores this idea in the context of recent initiatives and argues that if the Obama administration wants to make progress on its arms control and nonproliferation priorities, it should consider a multifaceted approach that incorporates this emerging alternative agenda.     

The politics of international chemical weapon justice: The case of Syria, 2011–2017

There has been near-universal condemnation of the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian conflict. The international community has nevertheless struggled to make progress on holding the perpetrators to account. This article reviews developments at the international level in terms of Syrian chemical weapon justice between 2011 and 2017. It argues that there have been substantive disagreements between states on the rationale and means of justice in the Syrian case. It also argues that international initiatives have been tightly intertwined with developments in chemical disarmament and conflict resolution processes as well as the broader war. The article describes progress and challenges to chemical weapon justice in a number of distinct formal international mechanisms during the period studied. The analysis concludes by contextualizing international responses—including the U.S. tomahawk strikes against a Syrian airbase—to the Khan Shaykhun chemical attacks of April 2017.     

防空导弹武器系统C3I仿真系统一体化研究

现代化的高科技战争中,C3I系统已成为武器系统的"神经中枢",建立一体化的C3I系统是联合作战、统一指挥的需要,同时也对C3I的仿真系统提出了一体化的要求。结合防空导弹武器两级指控仿真系统互操作问题的研究,首先简要介绍了仿真系统一体化的有关标准,然后介绍了互连的方式和对象,探讨和分析了互操作的模型、特点以及互操作性等级的评定。     

基于GIS的战术级地面防空群指控系统

结合战术级地面防空群指挥控制系统的需求背景,提出了基于GIS软件平台指挥控制系统设计方案。该方案可以充分实现地理信息指控决策的有效结合,在旅级指控系统中已获得成功应用。可大大提高参谋与指挥人员制定作战方案能力和效率,实现对瞬间战情作出动态响应,有效掌握战场的主动权。     

微小卫星编队飞行轨道动力学及相对位置保持控制方法

微小卫星编队飞行是20世纪90年代中、后期出现的航天新概念,它是通过一组群聚卫星的协同工作完成相应的空间任务,具有广阔的应用前景。对微小卫星编队飞行的轨道动力学建模进行了详细研究,并应用势函数方法推导了用于卫星编队飞行相对位置保持的连续控制律及离散控制律。     

一种新型军用电源智能充电机控制算法

军用电源充电机是一个多参数、时变的非线性系统,传统的PID控制算法难以在线调节达到优化充电曲线的目的。针对该问题,提出了一种基于模糊和免疫机理的自适应PID控制算法。该算法通过模糊免疫反馈机理对PID控制的比例系数进行实时调整,采用模糊自适应控制器对PID控制的微分、积分时间常数进行在线整定。仿真结果表明,该算法具有响应时间短、超调量小,鲁棒性强等特点,极大地改善了系统的适应能力,达到了优化充电曲线的目的。     

PMSM位置伺服系统新型融合控制策略

针对PMSM位置伺服系统存在非线性、强耦合等特征,提出了一种基于分数阶PID和分数阶滑模控制的新型融合控制策略。通过检测位置误差、速度及负载转矩,归一化处理后带入构造的二次性能指标函数,根据其数值动态改变分数阶PID和分数阶滑模控制器输入到被控对象控制量的权重值大小,从而确保提出的新型融合控制策略具有快速跟踪和抗扰动能力。数值仿真实验结果表明:新型融合控制策略比分数阶PID和分数阶滑模控制拥有优良的动静态性能和较好的鲁棒性。     

United Nations rapid reaction mechanisms: Toward a global force on standby?

This article analyses the main challenges and future prospects of creating United Nations (UN) rapid reaction mechanisms, particularly in the light of past attempts and current discussions about a “UN Vanguard Force” in the wake of the High-Level Panel on Peace Operations report. The article reviews major initiatives (in particular lessons from the Standby High Readiness Brigade for UN Operations) and assesses the main achievements, failures, and challenges related to past UN-led rapid reaction mechanisms. In line with the overall aim of this special forum, the article highlights the future potentials and institutional, operational, financial, and political challenges that need to be overcome in order to design and create a pragmatic and effective rapid reaction tool at the disposal of the UN.     

线性系统的鲁棒容错控制设计方法

考虑了线性故障系统的鲁棒容错控制问题。利用状态反馈特征结构配置参数化结果,提出了一种鲁棒容错控制设计方法。该方法将故障系统的鲁棒容错控制问题转化为含有约束的最小化问题。数值算例及其仿真结果验证了所设计方法的简单性和有效性。