丽江古建筑火灾风险评估及防火研究

丽江古城1997年被列入＂世界文化遗产＂名录,其建筑形式主要为木构架结构,一旦发生火灾,损失巨大。依据NFPA 914工作流程,对丽江古城建筑进行分析和评价,在现有消防安全状况调查和历史建筑特征调查的基础上,分析其消防安全隐患,并运用火灾风险指数法,计算单体建筑的消防安全水平,结合其历史特征,提出改进消防安全的措施。     

The Management of Pakistan's Nuclear Arsenal

Pakistan, the fastest growing nuclear weapon state in the world, has established over the last decade a nuclear management system it holds to be “foolproof.” Despite the explosion of radical groups challenging the writ of the state, it dismisses concerns by critics that its nuclear weapons are not safe and secure as “preposterous” and an attempt to “malign” the state. This article examines Pakistan's nuclear management system in four functional areas: command-and-control, physical security, nuclear surety, and doctrine. It describes what is publicly known in each area, identifies areas of omission and inadequacy in each one, and examines several premises of the nuclear program the author considers to be unfounded. Comparing these deficiencies in Pakistan's nuclear management system to the current problems plaguing the US nuclear management system, the author concludes that complacency and unfounded confidence in the efficacy of such programs, if not addressed and corrected, could lead to a future nuclear catastrophe in South Asia.     

Can Smart Defense work? A suggested approach to increasing risk- and burden-sharing within NATO

“Smart Defense” is NATO's new approach to risk- and burden-sharing, which has been a chronic problem within the alliance since the 1950s. Numerous solutions have been proposed, but initiatives resulting in more equitable burden-sharing have never been fully implemented. There are two driving forces influencing a county's willingness to support such initiatives – the economic theory of alliances and the risks posed by the implementation of capability sharing. The authors examine each of these and propose that rather than aiming for group consensus on the production of capabilities, NATO should focus on interoperability through support functions. This approach provides the most likely solution for connecting the forces, doctrine, procedures, standards and other factors of joint capability production such that country leaders find the risks of doing so to be politically and militarily acceptable.     

An enterprise portfolio approach for defence capability planning

Capability-based planning (CBP) is considered by many defence organisations to be the best practice for enterprise-level planning, analysis and management. This approach, loosely based around investment portfolio theory, is premised on balancing the cost, benefit and risk of capability options across the defence enterprise. However a number of authors have recently noted limitations of its current applications. The authors propose a more general, insurance-based approach, which can support the evolutionary improvement of the current CBP approach. This approach is implemented as hedging-based planning and aims to better reflect the enterprise nature of defence organisations, capturing both force structure and force generation aspects of military systems.     

太空安全监管法律机制刍议

制约太空军备竞赛、防止太空武器化已成为维护太空安全、维持全球战略稳定的一个重要方面。构建与完善包括空间物体登记制度、透明与信任建设机制及核查制度在内的太空安全监管制度,对于消除、缓解国家间误解与紧张关系,促进世界主要国家的信任与合作,维护各国太空活动安全,具有积极作用,不失为一条务实、有效的共同抵制太空武器化的重要路径。     

基于三维虚拟营区的设备实时信息集成

虚拟现实技术已广泛应用于营区、校园、社区等区域虚拟景观的展现,但大部分只重视静态模型信息展示,对设备信息特别是设备动态实时信息的展现涉及较少。提出了一种在三维虚拟营区中全面展现设备信息的方法。该方法将各设备管理系统数据与三维数据融合共用,通过图元接口来实现设备动态信息展示。在基于Stamp三维信息平台和3ds Max构建的虚拟营区中进行验证,实现了营区供水、供电、环境监测、安防等设备信息的综合展现。     

基于FMECA的信息系统软件失效安全风险评估与预测

随着大量软件产品应用于信息系统,不可避免地增大了软件失效对系统安全的影响概率。本文以某信息系统文电收发的处理过程为例,引入FMECA法,对其文电收发处理过程中由软件造成的风险进行分析,同时分析了引起风险常见的失效模式,并引入Markov模型对软件失效造成系统严重危害的风险进行预测,通过Markov模型与FMECA法结合能够迅速定位软件失效的原因,减少因软件失效造成的系统损失。     

靶场光测图像实时判读系统设计与方法

研究了靶场光学测量图像实时判读的若干关键技术,并据此设计实现了一套实时判读解算系统。目标自动捕获、跟踪和判读特征高精度定位是实时判读的难点问题,分别采用了形状相似度分析、在线区域跟踪学习、迭代轮廓匹配定位多判读点等技术;在此基础上,根据实时处理的时效性要求高、可并行程度强以及流程时序严格等特点,采纳分布式架构融合业务流程管理的软件体系结构设计模式,实现了数据与流程的集中管理、多站图像并行判读、数据驱动的解算方法自动选择与友好的用户界面。以航空靶场空中发射试验任务为例,通过实验验证了系统的可行性和时效性。该系统可扩展应用于各类靶场试验,满足用户实时获取并分析武器试验数据的需求。     

潜艇水下低速航行时的安全操纵控制技术

针对潜艇水下低速航行时的操艇安全问题,在对潜艇水下低速航行工况的概念和使用时机进行分析的基础上,根据艇体和首、尾水平舵的水动力特性,结合实艇使用经验,研究并总结出潜艇水下低速航行时的安全操纵控制技术。这些技术对保障潜艇在水下低速航行时的操艇安全具有实际指导意义。     

“What is dear to you?” Survey of beliefs regarding protection of critical infrastructure against terrorism

Up to the present, there is only very little research on how the population perceives terrorism and its threats, even though support from the population is crucial for effective counterterrorism. By eliciting beliefs and subjecting them to content analyses, six factors were found that determine the protection worthiness of a target in the people's view: the potential damage to “people,” “symbolism,” “economy,” “politics,” “nature,” and “image/publicity.” These empirically found factors are in line with factors specified by terrorist target selection models. They differ in the strength of their cognitive representation among participants and, thus, their subjective importance to the people. The first three factors are shared among all participants, whereas the latter ones could only be found in a part of the participant sample. People's judgments of the targets' protection worthiness differ substantially from their judgments of the targets' attractiveness to terrorists, even though the same factors seem to be involved. This study offers an insight into the people's mental model about protection worthiness of targets. Together with classical risk analysis and knowledge about terrorists, these results can form a basis for setting up a holistic scheme for critical infrastructure protection.