基于协方差矩阵估计的稳健Capon波束形成算法

常规Capon波束形成器性能对模型误差或失配非常敏感,尤其是当期望信号包含在训练数据中,导向矢量失配将引起性能急剧下降。为解决这一问题,提出了一种采用干扰噪声协方差矩阵和导向矢量联合估计的稳健波束形成算法。该方法通过对Capon空间谱在非目标信号的方位区域内的积分,实现对干扰噪声协方差矩阵的估计,解决数据协方差矩阵包含有目标信号时引起信号自相消问题;其次为了克服导向矢量失配的影响,通过最大化输出功率,并增加二次型约束防止估计的导向矢量接近于干扰导向矢量,实现对导向矢量的估计。仿真实验表明:该算法能获得近似最优的输出信干噪比,与现有算法相比稳健性更强。     

Ordering and controlling the dimensions of strategy

Colin Gray’s dimensions of strategy, built upon the earlier work of Clausewitz and Howard, has theoretical, practical, and pedagogic value for the Strategic Studies community. This paper further develops the theory, arguing that the dimensions can be controlled or managed to improve strategic performance. The dimensions are divided into two categories: “internal” and “external” to the process of strategy. The paper describes the dynamic process by which the internal dimensions, which can be controlled, are used to exert influence over the external dimensions that are beyond the control of the strategist. It is argued that six dimensions hold the key to strategic success: politics and the five dimensions concerned with warfighting. This conclusion validates the Clausewitzian paradigm with its emphasis on policy and battle.     

基于逆合成孔径成像激光雷达的自旋小目标成像系统

为了获得毫米级自旋小目标的清晰成像,采用逆合成孔径成像激光雷达技术设计了基于距离向数据与方位向数据相融合的图像重建系统。系统采用大带宽、窄线宽光纤激光器配合调制器实现激光脉冲的线性调频,利用光外差原理对回波信号进行采集处理。结合自旋目标的运动特性,给出了含有自旋分量的回波信号函数方程,并将该分量引入传统的R-D算法中实现了对自旋目标的ISAIL二维图像的重建。实验采用毫米级铝条构成被测小目标,通过步进电机及带倾角的转台完成运动及自旋模拟。实验结果显示,当目标固定时,可通过回波能量数据获得一维距离向图像,与被测目标的4个特征点位置一致。当目标运动时,通过数据压缩并代入自旋参量,最后通过R-D算法可以获得可识别的ISAIL二维图像,验证了系统符合自旋小目标成像的设计要求。     

运用改进正交匹配追踪算法精确估计跳频信号跳变时刻

现有方法得到的跳变时刻精度不高、抗干扰能力较弱,为此提出一种运用改进正交匹配追踪算法的跳变时刻精确估计方法。根据跳频信号原理建立跳变时刻估计的稀疏表示模型,用改进正交匹配追踪算法求解该模型,获取跳变时刻。理论分析和仿真结果证明该方法能够获取高精度的跳变时刻,估计性能方面优于现有算法。     

Nonlinear pricing with consumer satiation

In various scenarios, consumers may become satiated with products, and the degree of satiation is directly associated with their prior experiences. Confronted with consumer satiation, the seller is unable to either identify consumers who have a higher likelihood of being satiated ex ante or distinguish satiated from non‐satiated consumers ex post. Therefore, the seller should address dynamic selling, valuation uncertainty, and quantity decisions, all of which are important operational issues. We consider a two‐period problem in which consumer types are influenced by their prior consumption experiences. Faced with these consumers, the seller intends to optimize quantities and adjust the prices of the products in each period to maximize revenue. We find that the seller may reduce ex ante production quantity as some consumers become satiated. Moreover, the ex ante quantity is first decreasing and then increasing with regard to the satiation rate. Furthermore, two‐period information asymmetries may provide a rationale for upward distortion in quantity when consumer preferences are highly sensitive to first‐period consumption. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 386–400, 2016     

基层部队财务管理存在问题及对策

基层部队在财务管理当中存在诸多与现行规定不相适应的问题,要提出具体解决措施,以提高基层部队财务管理水平。     

代谢网络结构特征的生物信息学研究

作为生物信息学的重要研究内容,近年来代谢网络结构特征方面的研究取得了许多成果。回顾了代谢网络的重构和表示方法,重点综述了代谢网络宏观结构特征所蕴含的生物学意义,以及拓扑特征所揭示的网络演化过程和网络稳健性信息,提出了目前研究中仍然存在的问题及可能的解决思路,并对将来的研究趋势进行了阐述。     

Wisdom without tears: Statecraft and the uses of history

The world is mired in history again, as historical modes of competition return and historical grievances fuel the policies of multiple revisionist actors. If the end of history has ended, then it follows that the time is ripe for an engagement with history’s wisdom. We argue that the making of American statecraft—the deliberate, coordinated use of national power to achieve important objectives—can be significantly enhanced by a better understanding of the past. This essay, which draws on the extensive literature on history and statecraft, U.S. foreign policy, and the author’s own research and experiences, offers a defense of the use of history to improve statecraft, as well as a typology of ten distinct ways in which an understanding of history can improve government policy.     

The origins of the cancellation of Canada's Avro CF-105 arrow fighter program: A failure of strategy

The story of the demise of Canada's remarkable CF-105 Arrow jet-fighter interceptor has been told and retold by numerous Canadian writers. As told by most, it is a tragic tale. Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker, in an act as unforgivable as it was incomprehensible, not only destroyed a highly promising all-Canadian state-of-the-art aircraft but ruined all hopes of Canada ever being an important player in the North American defense industry. This article offers a contrasting interpretation — locating the problems leading to the aircraft's cancellation further back in history, and in particular in serious and determinative failures in strategic thinking and analysis by senior Canadian military officials at the time of the Arrow program's birth in 1953.     

Economic reconstruction amidst conflict: Insights from Afghanistan and Iraq

Economic reconstruction typically takes place after the end of war. Yet recently, economic reconstruction has been viewed as a means to ‘win hearts and minds’ during ongoing conflict. Drawing on a variety of reconstruction experiences from Afghanistan and Iraq, we identify four ‘reconstruction traps’ that result from the incentives and constraints faced by actors involved in economic reconstruction during ongoing conflict. These traps include: 1. the credible commitment trap, 2. the knowledge trap, 3. the political economy trap, and 4. the bureaucracy trap. Avoiding these traps is critical for successful economic reconstruction; and we discuss potential strategies for doing so.