基于能量与动量矩指标的两次“推-滑”离轨制导方法

对航天器在有限推力作用下的"推-滑-推-滑"离轨轨道制导问题进行了研究。将再入接口条件转化为能量与动量矩指标,基于该指标得出了单次"推-滑"的临界地心距,分析了其对离轨策略的影响;推导了有推力作用时飞行器能量与动量矩的相对变化规律,通过使飞行器的能量与动量矩以同样的相对速度减小的方法,导出了制导方程;得到了首次制动时推力方向始终与速度方向相反,二次制动根据制导方程进行导引的轨道形式;对不同高度与不同再入接口条件的离轨问题进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,该方法计算量小,可有效解决单次"推-滑"无法实现的离轨制导问题。     

目标反射特性对激光末制导精度的影响

从物理光学和辐射原理的角度分析了目标反射特性对激光末制导精度的影响 ,给出了目标反射系数的直接测量方法 ,最后得出结论并提出了减少受其影响的措施。分析结果表明目标反射特性会影响激光末制导炮弹的接收反射激光信号功率的大小 ,进而影响激光末制导炮弹的制导概率 ,因而对于不同质地的目标 ,要根据目标的反射系数来确定激光指示器可靠的照射距离 ,选择其照射攻击部位 ,以提高激光末制导精度。     

现代战略武器的制导与控制

从现代战略武器小型化、高精度、强突防、全天候和机动飞行的发展趋势,阐述了MIRV系统工作原理、现代弹头的制导方式方法。并从弹头引爆控制系统的角度分析了制导误差及非制导误差对导弹精度的影响。针对导弹提高命中精度的需要,围绕提高战略武器攻击能力,主要是战斗部的威力、命中精度以及作战效果,提出应当在复合制导、综合引爆技术等方面提高导弹精度。     

环境参数在线辨识及其在滑翔段制导中的应用

针对助推滑翔导弹,提出基于飞行环境参数在线辨识的滑翔段数值预测校正制导方法。综合考虑大气密度和气动系数对导弹运动的影响,引入滑翔段综合环境参数,利用扩展Kalman滤波方法对综合参数进行在线辨识。基于在线辨识结果,利用渐消记忆递推最小二乘方法在线建立环境参数预测模型,并利用最新辨识结果进行模型的在线修正。设计了纵向和横向制导律,并基于环境参数在线预测模型进行落点预测,以克服飞行环境扰动对落点预测精度的影响。进行了大气密度非定常扰动下的制导仿真,以及密度和气动参数随机扰动下的Monte Carlo仿真。仿真结果表明:环境参数在线预测模型能准确预报飞行环境参数,制导方法对飞行环境扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。     

The Serbian defence institution: the need for clear policy guidance to improve the Serbian defence planning,management, and command processes

ABSTRACT

The uncritical layering of western liberal defence governance norms and concepts on top of existing legacy concepts has impeded achieving coherent military capabilities and capacities when Serbia’s political and military leadership tried to reform the defence system using Western benchmarking principles and Western countries’ best practices. The process of this change has been more valuable than its actual output, as defined by increased capabilities. Such outcomes should be reflective of policy guidance, and can be thought of as closing the trinity loop of a defence planning system: plans, money and execution. This article addresses two key functional areas of the Serbian defence institution. First, it assesses the current state of defence planning to discern its strengths and weaknesses to ascertain if plans are tied to financial decision-making. Second, a full examination of current Serbian defence management is conducted to discern whether weaknesses exist that distract from producing operational capabilities. Both areas are analyzed thoroughly and some solutions for change are proposed. Also, the article analyzes the appearance of two negative phenomena in the planning process – economization and managerialism.     

Integrated guidance and control of guided projectile with multiple constraints based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface

Based on fuzzy adaptive and dynamic surface (FADS), an integrated guidance and control (IGC) approach was proposed for large caliber naval gun guided projectile, which was robust to target maneuver, canard dynamic characteristics, and multiple constraints, such as impact angle, limited measurement of line of sight (LOS) angle rate and nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. Initially, a strict feedback cascade model of IGC in longitudinal plane was established, and extended state observer (ESO) was designed to estimate LOS angle rate and uncertain disturbances with unknown boundary inside and outside of system, including aerodynamic parameters perturbation, target maneuver and model errors. Secondly, aiming at zeroing LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate in finite time, a nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) was designed with adaptive exponential reaching law. Furthermore, combining with dynamic surface, which prevented the complex differential of virtual control laws, the fuzzy adaptive systems were designed to approximate observation errors of uncertain disturbances and to reduce chatter of control law. Finally, the adaptive Nussbaum gain function was introduced to compensate nonlinear saturation of canard deflection. The LOS angle tracking error and LOS angle rate were convergent in finite time and whole system states were uniform ultimately bounded, rigorously proven by Lyapunov stability theory. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) and digital simulation experiments both showed FADS provided guided projectile with good guidance performance while striking targets with different maneuvering forms.     

考虑落角约束与驾驶仪特性的自适应径向基空间末制导律

为使舰炮制导炮弹在打击近岸机动目标的末制导段满足落角约束,考虑驾驶仪动态特性,基于自适应径向基逼近网络与动态面提出一种空间末制导律。构建弹目相对运动模型,通过带改进微分跟踪器的扩张状态观测器估计目标加速度。为零化视线角跟踪误差与角速率,采用自适应指数趋近律设计非奇异终端滑模,运用自适应径向基逼近网络削弱控制指令抖振。通过Lyapunov第二法证明了系统的视线角跟踪误差与视线角速率均最终一致有界。仿真实验表明:该末制导律使制导炮弹在空间中打击不同机动形式的近岸目标时,具备良好的末制导性能。     

基于不确定性的末制导初始参数优化设计方法

为量化无动力滑翔飞行器末制导初始参数不确定性的综合影响,提升飞行器落点精度,提出基于不确定性的末制导初始参数优化设计方法。面向飞行器末端高动态打击需求,采用落角约束下的滑模变结构导引律进行实时弹道成型,进而考虑末制导初始参数的不确定性。以落点有效毁伤半径概率和落点圆概率偏差为多优化目标,建立基于不确定性的末制导初始参数及制导律参数优化模型。针对这一不确定性优化模型,研究利用高效全局优化和蒙特卡洛方法,给出末制导初始参数及制导律参数的最优设计方案。仿真结果表明:该方法能显著提升落点精度,为方案设计阶段飞行器末制导交接点的选取提供决策支持。     

再入快速抵达轨迹优化设计方法

针对再入初始速度大、飞行时间约束苛刻的轨迹设计问题,提出一种基于遗传算法和攻角+倾侧角联合优化的再入快速抵达轨迹优化设计方法。该方法在再入初段利用较大攻角迅速减小弹道倾角和拉平弹道,在再入后段/滑翔段联合设计和优化攻角+倾侧角变化规律以显著降低终端飞行速度,同时满足终端高度、终端航向角、最大动压、最大热流等约束条件。该方法能够提升传统升力体飞行器再入快速到达能力并拓展其应用范围。仿真结果表明,在典型飞行器参数和较大初始再入速度条件下,全程飞行时间小于12 min,终端速度能够小于7Ma,横向机动距离超过800 km。     

干扰及机动条件下的比例导引智能调控策略

由于红外诱饵干扰样式复杂、目标机动形式多变导致传统比例导引律极易被干扰。为提高采用比例导引方法的导弹性能,提出一种利用径向基函数网络调控比例系数及导弹发射时机的智能导引律。以飞行时间及脱靶量为参考,通过构建加权型指标函数将求解最优比例系数及发射时机问题转化为单目标优化问题;引入量子粒子群算法求解最优决策参量,并以其作为网络输出,干扰样式作为网络输入,离线训练径向基函数网络;为提高训练效率,结合K-means及K最近邻算法初始化径向基函数网络。仿真结果表明,当存在红外诱饵干扰时,智能导引律性能优于扩展比例导引律及自适应滑模导引律。