会计专业实践教学体系建设初探

素质教育重点强调培养学生的创新能力、创业精神和实践能力,专业实践教学的目的是使学生在基本了解所学专业理论知识背景的基础之上能进一步掌握与该专业理论知识运用紧密相关联的实务操作技能,以培养学生的专业综合素质。但现有的会计专业实践教学模式却由于其不足和局限性并不能满足上述要求,因此,应对其进行体系化改革。本文即从现有模式的现状分析入手,为其体系化改革提供对策。     

On‐line algorithms for minimizing makespan on batch processing machines

We consider problem of scheduling jobs on‐line on batch processing machines with dynamic job arrivals to minimize makespan. A batch machine can handle up to B jobs simultaneously. The jobs that are processed together from a batch, and all jobs in a batch start and complete at the same time. The processing time of a batch is given by the longest processing time of any job in the batch. Each job becomes available at its arrival time, which is unknown in advance, and its processing time becomes known upon its arrival. In the first part of this paper, we address the single batch processing machine scheduling problem. First we deal with two variants: the unbounded model where B is sufficiently large and the bounded model where jobs have two distinct arrival times. For both variants, we provide on‐line algorithms with worst‐case ratio (the inverse of the Golden ratio) and prove that these results are the best possible. Furthermore, we generalize our algorithms to the general case and show a worst‐case ratio of 2. We then consider the unbounded case for parallel batch processing machine scheduling. Lower bound are given, and two on‐line algorithms are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 241–258, 2001     

Brinkmanship,not COIN,in Pakistan’s post-9/11 Internal War

Politics is critical to making sense of Pakistani successes and failures in dealing with non-state armed groups. This includes domestic political currents; regional political currents; and the global impetus of the post-9/11 era. How these currents overlap renders to any reading of insurgency in Pakistan real complexity. This article engages with this complexity rather than shirking from it. Its hypothesis is that while the insurgency bordering Afghanistan has been an epicentre of Pakistani military efforts to fight the Taliban, this theatre is in of itself insufficiently inclusive to grasp the nature of Pakistan’s security challenges and its consequent responses.     

Rendezvous search when marks are left at the starting points

Leaving marks at the starting points in a rendezvous search problem may provide the players with important information. Many of the standard rendezvous search problems are investigated under this new framework which we call markstart rendezvous search. Somewhat surprisingly, the relative difficulties of analysing problems in the two scenarios differ from problem to problem. Symmetric rendezvous on the line seems to be more tractable in the new setting whereas asymmetric rendezvous on the line when the initial distance is chosen by means of a convex distribution appears easier to analyse in the original setting. Results are also obtained for markstart rendezvous on complete graphs and on the line when the players' initial distance is given by an unknown probability distribution. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 722–731, 2001     

对军校体育教学改革的探讨

强健的体魄是军人进行军事斗争的物质基础.但由于受多种因素的影响,军校学员的实际能力和身心状况与未来岗位的需求和自身的长远发展还存在着一定差距,更与高素质创新型军事人才的标准相距甚远.为了更好地推广和开展适合军校学员特点的体育教育,必须全面深化军校体育改革,提高教学质量.针对当前军校体育教学存在的问题,论述了改革军体教学的方式方法,以达到全面体育教育的目标,以及军校体育教学如何实现军队特色与高等教育之间的完美结合.     

Birth of a norm champion: how South Africa came to support the NPT’s indefinite extension

In 1995, South Africa was in a special position. It was: a new party to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), the first country to voluntarily renounce nuclear weapons, led by a charismatic leader, and seen as a champion of disarmament principles. Yet South Africa’s new leaders were also interested in affirming their position within the Non-Aligned Movement, which was adamantly opposed to the NPT’s indefinite extension. Why, then, did South Africa decide to support the indefinite extension of the NPT in 1995? Existing scholarship has ascribed too much credit to pressure from the United States, overlooking domestic debates in South Africa and the bifurcation between professional diplomats and political elites. This article, building on new archival sources and in-depth oral-history interviews with major actors, demonstrates that South African diplomats opposed indefinite extension while South African policy elites allocated little attention to the topic until late in the game. The findings contribute to our understanding of South Africa’s norm entrepreneurship, as well as the politics of global nonproliferation.     

Reforming the bras tendus? The Congolese National Police reforms, 2003–2016

The security sector reform (SSR) programme in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has failed, according to a former high-level member of the United Nations (UN) mission in the DRC, as a large section of the country remains outside government control, and the security institutions of the state continue to constitute one of the predominant sources of insecurity for the local population in a number of ways. Based on several field studies, this article critically scrutinises the SSR of the Congolese National Police (Police nationale congolaise; PNC) and the efforts to reform it between 2004 and 2016. It further attempts to explain why so little progress was made in the SSR of the PNC, despite extensive involvement from donors. The article shows that the instrumental and traditional approach to SSR is partly to blame, because in this case it failed to address the root problems and initiate the needed fundamental reform and reconstruction of the police force. It also shows that reforming local security institutions becomes even more difficult when the local authorities do not support the effort.     

What explains the failure of U.S. army reconstruction in Afghanistan?

ABSTRACT

This author wrote his doctorate thesis on post-conflict army reconstruction, submitting it in 2011. Continued research on the subject in the intervening seven years indicates that his theoretical propositions can be refined and improved. This article examines refinements to the model, and then applies those refinements in detail to the Afghan case. In so doing, it shifts the focus from potentially altruistic state-building to a case that was driven by pure national-strategic interests. Issues surrounding the liberal peace ideology dominate recent army reconstruction in conflict-affected states. The liberal peace underpinning is of supreme importance, so much so that in many discussions, it is internalised and accepted virtually without thought. This paper will advance the body of knowledge by establishing, for the first time, a theoretical basis for the widespread failure of army reconstruction in Afghanistan. The empirical basis builds on extensive previous research by other scholars. The resulting model can also be applied to better explain outcomes in other similar cases.     

论高校后勤内部控制制度建设

高校内部控制是为了提高工作效率,加快环节运作而制定的工作体系.高校后勤工作也必然涉及这一问题.找出问题的症结,提出解决办法,正确处理内部控制关系是加速集团运转的先决条件.     

三个有利于标准与国企改革

“三个有利于”是邓小平理论的重要思想 ,是判断改革和各方面工作是非得失的根本标准。国有企业是国民经济的重要支柱。按照“三个有利于”标准推进国有企业改革 ,对于建立社会主义市场经济体制 ,促进经济持续、快速、健康发展 ,提高人民生活水平 ,保持安定团结的政治局面 ,巩固社会主义制度 ,都具有十分重要的意义。